Texts in Conversation
Psalm 8 asks why God would take notice of the human race at all. Rabbinic tradition in Ecclesiastes Rabbah has the ministering angels quote this, who use it to object when God announces he intends to create Adam.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Psalm 8:4
Hebrew Bible
3 When I look up at the heavens, which your fingers made, and see the moon and the stars, which you set in place, 4 Of what importance is the human race, that you should notice them? Of what importance is mankind, that you should pay attention to them? 5 You made them a little less than the heavenly beings. You crowned mankind with honor and majesty. 6 you appoint them to rule over your creation; you have placed everything under their authority,
Ecclesiastes Rabbah 7:23
Aggadah
Rabbinic
“He was wiser than any man [ha’adam]” (I Kings 5:11) – than Adam the first man. What was the wisdom of Adam the first man? You find that when the Holy One blessed be He sought to create Adam the first man, He consulted with the ministering angels, and He said to them: “Let us make man” (Genesis 1:26). They said to him: ‘Master of the universe, “what is man that You remember him?”’ (Psalms 8:5). He said to them: ‘The man I seek to create, his wisdom is greater than yours.’ What did He do? He gathered all the animals, beasts, and birds, and stood them before them [the angels], and said to them: ‘Give them names.’ They remained [silent] and did not know [what to say].
Date: 700-950 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
“... Solomon’s surpassing wisdom as attested through a series of comparisons is the theme of this midrashic passage, in which the pattern of question–answers and the arrangement of the biblical verses in a dialectical style give the impression of a vivid dialogue. [...] Ecclesiastes 7:23 comprises the conclusion in a series of maxims that reflect Qoheleth’s pessimistic view of man’s incapability of knowing his scope in life. The Rabbis eliminate the negative sense of the base verse and laud Solomon’s wisdom by advocating Solomon’s intellectual superiority. The Rabbis placed Solomon on a higher level of intellectual capacity and summoned up Ps 8:5 to support their teaching of man’s superiority compared to the angels. The Rabbis through an ongoing “textual dialogue” build up the degree of Adam’s wisdom only to quash it when they compare it to Solomon’s. After they secure interpretatively the importance of Adam’s wisdom through Ps 8:5, the Rabbis have at hand a conceptually neat passage that reinforces the extent of Solomon’s wisdom. ...”
Kitsos, Michail
"Examples of Intertextuality in Ecclesiastes Rabbah: An Examination of the Book of Psalms in Ecclesiastes Rabbah with Methodological Nuances" in Dell, Katharine Julia, and Will Kynes (eds.) Reading Ecclesiastes Intertextually
(pp. 270-271) Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2014
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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