Texts in Conversation
Proverbs describes wisdom as a woman whose paths bring peace and life. In 4Q184 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the wicked woman reverses the promise, bringing sin and death to those who follow her paths or hold on to her.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Proverbs 3:16-18
Hebrew Bible
16 Long life is in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor. 17 Her ways are very pleasant, and all her paths are peaceful. 18 She is like a tree of life to those who grasp onto her, and everyone who takes hold of her will be blessed.
4Q184 1:7-10
The Seductress
Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction
7 she pitches her dwelling, and she resides in the tents of silence, in the midst of everlasting burnings. She has no inheritance among all 8 the lights of brightness. She is the beginning of all the ways of iniquity. Woe, disaster to all who inherit her, and ruin to all 9 who hold on to her. For her ways are ways of death, and her paths are tracks of sin. Her trails lead astray 10 into iniquity, and her pathways are the guilt of transgression. Her gates are gates of death; at the entrance of her house she strides. To Sheol
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Notes and References
“... In this section of 4Q184 the character is radically transformed. Until now the character
has been based primarily on references to the characters from Proverbs of the Strange
Woman and Dame Folly. While the allusions here are also to Proverbs, they are now al-
lusions to Folly’s nemesis, the good and righteous Lady Wisdom. What is said
approvingly in Proverbs about Wisdom is inverted in 4Q184 1, turning statements about
Wisdom’s goodness into expressions about the evil, sin, and darkness of this character.
In doing so, the interpreter changes the characters in Proverbs into a more perfect oppo-
site of the supernatural character of Wisdom—her evil twin. [...] This brief introduction to the reversal of wisdom leads immediately to this obvious and
striking reversal of Pr 3:17–18: [...] 18 She is a tree of life to those who possess her
and all who hold her are happy. [...] 17 Her paths are paths of goodness, and all her
ways are peace. [...] ...Alas! ruin shall be to all who inherit her, and
desolation to a[ll]9 who hold her. [...] For her paths are paths of death and her by-
ways[s] are the roads to sin; her tracks lead
astray 10 to iniquity, and her ways are the guilt
of transgression. ...”
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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