Matthew 23:12
New Testament
8 But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for you have one Teacher and you are all brothers. 9 And call no one your ‘father’ on earth, for you have one Father, who is in heaven. 10 Nor are you to be called ‘teacher,’ for you have one Teacher, the Christ. 11 The greatest among you will be your servant. 12 And whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
Date: 70-90 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Nedarim 55a
Babylonian Talmud
Rabbinic
Rava said to him that it means: Once a person renders himself like a wilderness, deserted before all, the Torah is given to him as a gift [mattana], as it is stated: “And from the wilderness Mattana.” And once it is given to him as a gift, God bequeaths [naḥalo] it to him, as it is stated: “And from Mattana Nahaliel.” And once God bequeaths it to him, he rises to greatness, as it is stated: And from Nahaliel, Bamot, which are elevated places. And if he elevates himself and is arrogant about his Torah, the Holy One, Blessed be He, degrades him, as it is stated: “And from Bamot the valley” (Numbers 21:20). And not only is he degraded, but one lowers him into the ground, as it is stated: “And looking over [nishkafa] the face of the wasteland” (Numbers 21:20), like a threshold [iskopa] that is sunken into the ground. And if he reverses his arrogance and becomes humble, the Holy One, Blessed be He, elevates him,
Date: 450-550 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... The Lukan parallels have this verb as present tense. himself: Grk. heautou. will be exalted: Grk. hupsoō, fut. pass. Yeshua does not offer a 'health and wealth' guarantee for humility. In fact, the humble may suffer in this life. The second use of the verb really intends the first meaning listed above. The humble will be moved higher in favor with God to receive grace (compare James 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5) and eternal rewards (Matthew 5:1, 12; 6:1, 4, 6). Gill notes that the same axiom may be found in the Talmud, 'Him who humbles himself, the Holy One, blessed be He, raises up, and him who exalts himself, the Holy One, blessed be He, humbles' (Eruvin 13b; Nedarim 55a) ..."
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