Texts in Conversation
The Greek Septuagint translation of Exodus describes the burnt ram offering as a gift pleasing to God. Paul calls the Philippians’ gift to him a sacrifice pleasing to God, applying the same Greek vocabulary to a monetary gift sent to him in prison.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
LXX Exodus 29:18
Septuagint
17 And you shall cut the ram up limb by limb, and you shall wash its entrails and its feet with water, and you shall arrange the pieces along with the head. 18 And you shall send a whole ram up on the altar, a whole burnt offering to the Lord, as a sweet-smelling fragrance; it will be an incense offering to the Lord. 19 And you shall take the second ram, and Aaron and his sons shall place their hands on the head of the ram.
Philippians 4:18
New Testament
17 I do not say this because I am seeking a gift. Rather, I seek the credit that abounds to your account. 18 For I have received everything, and I have plenty. I have all I need because I received from Epaphroditus what you sent—a fragrant offering, an acceptable sacrifice, very pleasing to God. 19 And my God will supply your every need according to his glorious riches in Christ Jesus.
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Notes and References
... Exodus 29:18 speaks of the burning of a whole ram on the altar as a burnt offering to God, and it is said to be "a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord." Paul in Philippians 4:18 speaks of the gifts the Philippians sent to him by means of Epaphroditus as "a fragrant offering, an acceptable sacrifice, pleasing to God." Paul is drawing an analogy between himself and God receiving gifts, except that ultimately the sacrifice they made on behalf of Paul is really a sacrifice offered and pleasing to God. Exodus 32:32 has Moses saying to God after the golden calf debacle "please forgive their sin, but if not blot me out of the book you have written." This should ring a bell with students of the New Testament familiar with Paul’s passionate words in Romans 9:3: "for I could wish myself cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people, those of my own race, the people of Israel." Paul is willing to make the same sort of sacrifice as Moses to save his people ...
Witherington, Ben, III
Torah Old and New: Exegesis, Intertextuality, and Hermeneutics
(p. 224) Fortress Press, 2018
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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