Texts in Conversation
Leviticus 16 sends the goat bearing Israel’s sins into an isolated wilderness. The Apocalypse of Abraham reshapes this expulsion into a command to Azazel himself, as Abraham sends the fallen angel away before entering the heavenly presence.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Leviticus 16:22
Hebrew Bible
20 “When Aaron has finished purifying the Holy Place, the Meeting Tent, and the altar, he is to present the live goat. 21 Aaron is to lay his two hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the Israelites and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins, and thus he is to put them on the head of the goat and send it away into the desert by the hand of a man standing ready. 22 The goat is to bear on itself all their iniquities into an inaccessible land, so he is to send the goat away into the desert.
Apocalypse of Abraham 14:5
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 And he said: "Know from now on that the Eternal One has chosen you, (He) whom you love; 3 be of good courage and use this authority, so far as I bid you, against him who slanders truth; 4 should I not be able to put him to shame who has scattered over the earth the secrets of heaven and has rebelled against the Mighty One? 5 Say to him: Be the burning coal of the Furnace of the earth; go, Azazel, into the inaccessible parts of the earth; 6 [for your heritage is (to be) over those existing with you being born with the stars and clouds, with the men whose portion you are, and (who) through your being exist; 7 and your enmity is justification. On this account by your perdition disappear from me."
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Notes and References
Ben Ezra, Daniel Stokl
The Impact of Yom Kippur on Early Christianity
(pp. 93-94) Mohr Siebeck, 2003
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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