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Isaiah's title for God as lord of armies recalls Rashap's military title at Ugarit, giving the heavenly king the authority of a commander.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

KTU 1.91:15

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
Wine that is consumed by the hand of […] at the king's sacrifice […]: the sacrifice of Sapan; […] Ilib; the god of Bldn; [Pi]dray of the king's house; [an ox] […] […] when Athtart of the Field enters the king's house; when the Rashaps enter the king's house; […] the new moons; the sacrifice of Baal […] when the Lady of the House goes; at the pit of Rashap of the Army; […] […] the gods; […] […] the Lady. Lbnm: wine, ten. Hlb-Gngnt: wine, three. Bsr: wine, ten. Nnu: wine, four. Sql: wine, three. Smny: two jars of wine. Smgy: a jar of wine. Hzp: wine, nine. Bir: ten, mṣb wine; […] drawn wine. Hpty: two jars, [mṣb wine]. Agm: four, [mṣb wine].
Date: 1350 - 1185 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Isaiah 6:3

Hebrew Bible
1 In the year of King Uzziah’s death, I saw the Lord seated on a high, elevated throne. The hem of his robe filled the temple. 2 Seraphs stood over him; each one had six wings. With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and they used the remaining two to fly. 3 They called out to one another, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! His majestic splendor fills the entire earth!” 4 The sound of their voices shook the door frames, and the temple was filled with smoke. 5 I said, “Woe to me! I am destroyed, for my lips are contaminated by sin, and I live among people whose lips are contaminated by sin. My eyes have seen the king, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”
Date: 7th-5th Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#6911
“... This reconstruction would correlate with the loss of hunting as a divine role in Israel’s national literature but it would also support the reconstruc- tion of a divine role for hunting at a local level, perhaps in a popular cult as Ackerman and Day envision. At the national level, ‛Ashtart’s role in warfare as well as the gods’ warfare role (as we noted above for Ba‛al and Rashap)229 seems to have been confl ated earlier with the role of the national god in Iron Age Israel. Perceptions about “foreignness” of some religious practices may have played a role in the new religious-political expression of later “re- forms.” In the emerging royal worldview, reductions of levels of religious praxis perhaps corresponded to reductions of levels in various divine pow- ers, leaving Yahweh as virtually Judah’s one and only. The goddess’ place in the Israelite pantheon at the national level might have diminished under this development. Law (JSOTSup 140; Sheffi eld: Sheffi eld Academic Press, 1993), 60-62 228 Hesse and Wapnish, “An Archaeozoological Perspective,” 457-91. See also Hesse and Wapnish, “Can Pig be used for Ethnic Diagnosis in the Ancient Near East?” in The Archae- ology of Israel: Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present (ed. Neil A. Silberman and David Small; JSOTSup 237; Sheffi eld: Sheffi eld Academic Press, 1997), 238-39 n. 1. 229 Thus Resheph appears as a divine fi gure only as part of Yahweh’s military retinue in Ha- bakkuk 3:5, while the constellation of features associated in West Semitic literature with Ba‛al are applied in biblical literature to Yahweh. Cf. also the biblical title yhwh ṣb’wt and Ugaritic ršp ṣbỉ (KTU 1.91:15). See Smith, The Early History of God (second edition), 80-101. ...”

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