KTU 1.3
Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
Then behold! Anat proceeded to her house, the goddess started for her palace; but she was not sated with her fighting in the vale, her battling between the two cities. She arranged chairs for the warriors, she did arrange tables for the soldiers, stools for the heroes. Anat fought hard and looked, she battled and surveyed the scene; her liver swelled with laughter, her heart was filled with joy, the liver of Anat with triumph, as she plunged her knees in the blood of the guards, her skirts in the gore of the warriors, until she was sated with fighting in the house, with battling between the tables.
Date: 2300 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Psalm 30:12
Hebrew Bible
10 Hear, O Lord, and have mercy on me. O Lord, deliver me.” 11 Then you turned my lament into dancing; you removed my sackcloth and covered me with joy. 12 So now my liver24 will sing to you and not be silent; O Lord my God, I will always give thanks to you.
Date: 6th-3rd Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... Psalm 108:1 ... the Hebrew may also mean “my glory,” but this makes little sense in the context. Some view the term כָּבוֹד (kavod, “glory”) here as a metonymy for man’s inner being, but it is preferable to emend the form to כְּבֵדִי (kvedi, “my liver”). Like the heart, the liver is viewed as the seat of one’s emotions. See also Psalm 16:9; 30:12; 57:9. For an Ugaritic example of the heart/liver as the source of joy, compare “her [Anat’s] liver swelled with laughter, her heart was filled with joy, the liver of Anat with triumph" ..."
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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