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Isaiah's promise that the dead will rise may build on Ugaritic language for renewed life among the dead, turning an older image into hope for God's people.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

KTU 1.22 I:5

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
[…] […] here is your son, here […] your son's son in your place; here the [hero] […] your hand; the little one will kiss your lips. There shoulder by shoulder are the brothers whom El raised up […]. There […] the name of El, the men […] the name of El, the heroes. There Tmq, the Rephaite of Baal, the soldier of Baal and the soldier of Anat. There Yhpn the mighty, the prince, the eternal king. When Anat goes hunting, […] the birds of the sky. Oxen are slaughtered, sheep as well; bulls are felled and fatted rams, year-old calves, lambs, […] kids. Like silver […] olives, gold […] […] the table […] […] kings. For a day he pours wine of Tmk, must, wine of rulers, wine of […] […] wine […] of Lebanon, […] must that El has cultivated.
Date: 1350 - 1185 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Isaiah 26:19

Hebrew Bible
15 You have made the nation larger, O Lord; you have made the nation larger and revealed your splendor; you have extended all the borders of the land. 16 O Lord, in distress they looked for you; they uttered incantations because of your discipline. 17 As when a pregnant woman gets ready to deliver and strains and cries out because of her labor pains, so were we because of you, O Lord. 18 We were pregnant, we strained, we gave birth, as it were, to wind. We cannot produce deliverance on the earth; no people are born to populate the world. 19 Your dead will come back to life; your corpses will rise up. Wake up and shout joyfully, you who live in the dust!32 For you will grow like plants drenched with the morning dew, and the earth will bring forth its dead spirits.
Date: 7th-5th Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#6914
“... One can agree with Spronk’s observations regarding Canaanites prototypes for bib­ lical language even if polemic is not involved. The language of Yahweh’s overcoming death (Hosea 13:14, 14:2; Isaiah 25:8; Song of Songs 8:6; 1 Corinthians 15:54-55; Revelation 12:4; see pp. 277-304) has a Northwest Semitic antecedent in Baal’s struggle against Death (Mot) in KTU 1.5-1.6. Furthermore, the theme of Baal’s return to life and overcoming Death in 1.6 III and VI and 1.17 V 25-26, and perhaps the “rising(?)” {qym) of the dead in KTU 1.22 I 5 formed the Northwest Semitic background to the The same suggestion was made by M. S. Smith, “The Magic of Kothar, the Ugaritic Craftsman God, in KTU 1.6 VI49-50,” Revue Biblique 91 (1984) 379 n. 12. biblical idea that the dead “rise,” expressed by the verb *qwm, “to rise,” in Psalm 88:11 (cf. 2 Samuel 13:21; Job 14:12; Ruth 4:5, 10). These notions in part laid the basis for the motif of Yahweh’s “bringing back to life” as a metaphor for preventing the death of the living (pp. 270-79, 285-89), and for the specific use of *qwm for divine help in Hosea 6:2. The lan­ guage of the individual’s “rising to life from death” appears to have been applied to the nation in exile (Ezekiel 37:1-14; pp. 293-97). In turn, this metaphor laid the foundation for expressing individual resur­ rection in Daniel 12:2 (pp. 338-43 and Isaiah 26:19 (pp. 297-305). The development is especially clear in the case of the latter passage, as it uses the verb *qwm, “to rise,” to describe resurrection. ...”
Smith, Mark S. and Elizabeth M. Bloch-Smith Death and Afterlife in Ugarit and Israel (p. 283) Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 108, 1988

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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