Texts in Conversation
The gathering of God's sons in Job 1 shares the heavenly assembly in the Ugaritic text KTU 1.10, which places El's sons beside the gathered stars, setting the dispute about Job inside God's court.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
KTU 1.10 I:4
Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
[…] the Maiden Anat […] […] that the sons of El do not know […] the assembly of the stars […] the circle of the heavens [Mighty] Baal […] Rider on the Clouds […] […] sits on the ground […] […] […] […] he gives [the Maiden] Anat [the In-law of] the Peoples […] [sits] on the ground […] flesh
Job 1:6
Hebrew Bible
6 Now the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord—and Satan also arrived among them. 7 The Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” And Satan answered the Lord, “From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.” 8 So the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil.” 9 Then Satan answered the Lord, “Is it for nothing that Job fears God? 10 Have you not made a hedge around him and his household and all that he has on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his livestock have increased in the land. 11 But extend your hand and strike everything he has, and he will no doubt curse you to your face!”
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Notes and References
“... Their function here as celestial chanters praising, with joy, the
amazingly creative work of Yahweh and his sovereignty is explicitly
expressed. Thus, Parker relates these divine beings to the gods other
than Yahweh, designated explicitly in the first person plural form “us”
in the event of Creation at Gen 1.26l82.
In the passage, the Hp2 ’’2212 and the
**33 are used in paral
lel183. The parallel of stars and divine beings is also found in the Uga
ritic texts. In KTU 1.10 i 3-4, the phr kkbm, the “assembly of Stars” is
paralleled with the bn il, “Sons of El”, and the dr dt smm, the “circle of
those of the heavens” to designate the lesser deities in the pantheon.
Cassuto states conceivably that the 2 *1 *, “which were deities in the
idolatrous cult, were transformed into servants of the Lord in Israel’s
religion (likewise in Ugaritic, the phrase phr kbkbm, that is, congrega
tion of the stars, corresponds to bn *il [‘sons of G od’]; and the assembly
of the sons of God that came to present themselves before the Lord in
lob l 6 and ii 1 is paralleled by the gathering of the host of heaven in i
Kings xxii 19” 184. ...”
Cho, Sang Youl
Lesser Deities in the Ugaritic Texts and the Hebrew Bible: A Comparative Study of Their Nature and Roles
(p. 283) Gorgias Press, 2007
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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