... The versions treated the phrase differently. Although the Septuagint (mataia kai pseude) and the Old Latin (vana et falsa) inserted a conjunction between the words, hendiadys merges them into one concept, “false vanities.” Aquila (see above) and Symmachus (atmous mataious) approximated the Hebrew, while the Vulgate (qui custodiunt vanitates frustra) became more interested in the nature of the act and therefore treated saw’ as an adverbial accusative, “they who pointlessly retain vanities.” Worrying lest the reader attach nefarious deeds to Israel, the Targum supplied two words and unabashedly paraphrased the rest of the line, “Not as the nations, worshipers of idols (who do not understand the source of their well-being).” (On all of these matters, see Trible 1963: 39 and Levine 1978: 79–80.) ...