Texts in Conversation
The Gospel of Philip echoes John's promise that the food Jesus gives prevents death. Placing that promise beside a contrast between a world that eats corpses and truth that gives life makes receiving Jesus' food a choice between two kinds of nourishment.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
John 6:50
New Testament
47 I tell you the solemn truth, the one who believes has eternal life. 48 I am the bread of life. 49 Your ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. 50 This is the bread that has come down from heaven, so that a person may eat from it and not die. 51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats from this bread he will live forever. The bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.” 52 Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus began to argue with one another, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?”
Gospel of Philip 10:14
Nag Hammadi
However, the Tree of Life dwells in the midst of the garden, and from the olive tree came the chrism, and from it came the resurrection. This world is a corpse-eater. All that are eaten in it will die as well. Truth is a life-eater. Consequently, not one of those who feed on [truth] will die. From that place came Jesus, and from there he brought food, and those who desired, he let them [eat, in order that] they would not die. [God planted a] garden, [man ...] garden. Some there are [...] dwell with [...] of God in [...] those in [it ...]. I wish that [garden is the place where it] will be said to me: [“... eat] this,” or, “do not eat [that,” as you] desire.
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Notes and References
“... The verbal overlap between these passages is ‘bread from heaven,’ as well as a thematic overlap of Jesus identifying himself as ‘the living bread that came down out of heaven’ in John 6:51, and the Gos. Phil. indicates that ‘when Christ came, the perfect man, he brought bread from heaven’ (55.11–13).35 This saying is also similar to §93 (73.23–27), ‘It was from that place that Jesus came and brought food. To those who so desired he gave [life, that]36 they might not die.’ There are a number of parallels that suggest the ‘bread’ in §15 is to be understood as the Eucharist: the association of the ‘bread’ with the ‘cup’ (75.1; 77.3–5); the ‘perfect man’ with the ‘cup’ (75.19); Jesus brought ‘bread’ and ‘food,’ and ‘food’ is associated with his ‘flesh’ (57.8). A Eucharist interpretation of the ‘bread from heaven’ (John 6:51) in §15 33 Wilson, Philip, 71–72. This interpretation also explains the recovery motif in §9, specifically 53.10–14. 34 The Synoptics indicate that Jesus will ‘give his life’ (ϯ + ⲯⲩⲭⲏ || di,dwmi + yuch,) (Matt 20:28; Mark 10:45), but the description that he will ‘lay down his life’ (ti,qhmi + yuch, || ⲕⲱ + ⲯⲩⲭⲏ) is characteristic of the FG (John 10:11, 15, 17; 13:37–38; 15:13; see also 1 John 3:16; Gos. Sav. vs.19, 21a, and 21b (Chapter 8)). A measure of influence from John 10:17 is noted by: Wilson, Philip, 71–72; Schenke, Phlippus-Evangelium, 175. 35 For a measure of influence from John 6:51–58 see: Wilson, Philip, 79; Ménard, Philippe, 135; Schenke, Philippus-Evangelium, 203–206; Nagel, Rezeption, 404. 36 C.J. De Cantazoro suggests that the lacuna should read ‘bread of life’ (C.J. De Cantazoro, “The Gospel according to Philip,” JTS 13 (1962): 57), but the lacuna does not appear large enough to fit this statement. PDF PAGE 132 7.2. The Gospel of Philip and the Fourth Gospel 115 aligns with the author’s interpretation of John 6:53–54 (§23b above), along with the promise that this ‘food’ provides life (see John 6:50).37 ...”
Zelyck, Lorne R.
John among the Other Gospels: The Reception of the Fourth Gospel in the Extra-Canonical Gospels
(pp. 114-115) Mohr Siebeck, 2013
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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