Texts in Conversation
In Joel, God calls the people to return with fasting and weeping and to tear their hearts, not their garments. 4Q266, a Dead Sea Scrolls copy of the Damascus Document, quotes both commands as scripture in its rule for disciplining a member who sins.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Joel 2:13
Hebrew Bible
12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning. 13 Tear your hearts, not just your garments.” Return to the Lord your God, for he is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and boundless in loyal love—often relenting from calamitous punishment. 14 Who knows? Perhaps he will be compassionate and grant a reprieve, and leave blessing in his wake—a meal offering and a drink offering for you to offer to the Lord your God!
4Q266 11 5
Damascus Document
Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts
3 his sin offering and his guilt offering. And about Israel it is written, “I will go 4 to the ends of the heavens, and I will not smell the scent of your pleasing offerings.” And in another place 5 it is written, “to return to God with weeping and with fasting.” And in a place it is written, “Tear your heart and not your garments.” And everyone who rejects these judgments, 6 which are according to all the statutes found in the law of Moses, shall not be counted 7 among all the sons of his truth, for his soul has loathed the disciplines of righteousness. As a rebel, from before 8 the many he shall be sent away. And the priest appointed over the many shall speak about him, and he shall speak up
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Notes and References
“... A fine example in the scrolls from Qumran is to be found in 4QDa (4Q266) 11, 3–5. After a section dealing with how an individual is to be disciplined, the author continues with reference to Israel in a series of three quotations, each formally introduced by ‘it is written’ (ktwb): And concerning Israel it is written, I will get me to the ends of heaven and will not smell the savour of your sweet odours. And elsewhere it is written, To return to God with weeping and fasting. And in ⟨another⟩ place it is written, Rend your hearts, not your garments. The first quotation is a combination of the hope of Deuteronomy 30.4 (‘Even if you are expelled to the ends of heavens, from there the Lord your God will gather you’) and the threat of Leviticus 26.31 (‘If you disobey me . . . I will lay waste your cities, will make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will not smell the savour of your sweet odours’). The second and third are citations of parts of Joel 2.12 and 13. Although a catchword link between the two principal quotations is not clear, the combination of the two texts may depend upon the notion of what God does for those who return to him, a feature of the wider contexts of the passages cited (Deut. 30.2 and Joel 2.13). ...”
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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