Instruction of Amenemope

Wisdom of Amenemope
Ancient Near East
Remember, the dependant is dog of his master, he barks for the one who feeds him. Do not misuse a widow if you find her in the fields nor fail to set aside your work to speak with her; Do not let a stranger pass your beer jug thirsty, refill it time and time again before your friends— Give love to the god of the ruined and poor far exceeding your debt to the eminent. Leave no one behind for the River crossing as you maneuver to launch the ferry.
Date: 1300 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates) Source

Deuteronomy 10:18

Hebrew Bible
15 However, only to your ancestors did he show his loving favor, and he chose you, their descendants, from all peoples—as is apparent today. 16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn! 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates) Source

Notes and References

"... As Amenemope is the only extra-biblical cognate related to the biblical concept of protecting the gēr alongside the widow, this study postulates, with some caution, that the Egyptian wisdom literature had some influence on Deuteronomy’s interest in adding the gēr to the widow-orphan dyad. Admittedly, Amenemope’s genre belongs to wisdom literature rather than a legal tradition; however, the mandates for the widow and the stranger in this context both relate to providing food and oil for the widow and the stranger. Lohfink posits that the widow-orphan doublet is a fixed word pair first observed in the Code of Ur-Nammu (late–3rd millennium) that Israel inherits as a dyad and which functions as a symbolic name for those in need of help. In the Covenant Code, which many scholars date before D, the widow-orphan dyad appears twice apart from any mention of the gēr. Glanville posits the reference to the pair in Exodus 22:22, 24 is ancient, predating the Exodus narrative. Further, Achenbach identifies the Covenant Code as the first time in Israelite history that the gēr are acknowledged together with the dyad as an integral part of personae miserabiles ..."

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