The Poor, the Widow, the Orphan

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2500 BCE

1000+ CE

Ancient Near East

KTU 1.19 Code of Ur Nammu Code of Hammurabi Legend of Keret Instruction of Amenemope

Hebrew Bible

Exodus 22:22 Deuteronomy 10:18 Deuteronomy 14:28 Deuteronomy 24:17 Deuteronomy 24:19 2 Kings 4:1 Isaiah 1:17 Isaiah 11:4 Ezekiel 16:48 Amos 2:6 Amos 2:8 Jeremiah 7:6 Jeremiah 22:3 Zechariah 7:10 Malachi 3:5 Psalm 9:20 Psalm 68:5 Psalm 72:12 Psalm 82:3 Psalm 94:6 Psalm 146:7 Psalm 146:9 Proverbs 31:9 Proverbs 31:20 Job 22:9 Job 29:12 Job 31:18 Ruth 2:10

Septuagint

LXX Psalm 9:20

Dead Sea Scrolls

4Q267

Deuterocanon

Tobit 1:8 Sirach 4:10 Sirach 35:15

Pseudepigrapha

2 Enoch 50:7 Joseph and Aseneth 12:11

New Testament

Acts 2:45 James 1:27

Targum

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 18:20

Rabbinic

Mishnah Peah 5:6

About This Tag

The protection of the "poor, widow, and the orphan" was a common literary and ethical staple throughout ancient Near Eastern literature, reflecting a widespread concern for social justice and the defense of the vulnerable. First found in Mesopotamian literature such as the Code of Hammurabi, it eventually became a major theme in Biblical and derivative traditions, as concern for these marginalized groups appears repeatedly.

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