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Genesis 1:2 describes the primordial earth as “without shape and empty,” translating the Hebrew tohu wabohu. The Greek Septuagint renders this as “invisible and unformed,” introducing visual language influenced by Platonic ideas about creation.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Genesis 1:2

Hebrew Bible
1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was without shape and empty, and darkness was over the surface of the watery deep, but the Spirit of God was hovering11 over the surface of the water. 3 God said, “Let there be light.” And there was light!
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)

LXX Genesis 1:2

Septuagint
1 In the beginning God made the sky and the earth. 2 Yet the earth was invisible and unformed, and darkness was over the abyss, and a divine wind was being carried along over the water. 3 And God said, “Let light come into being.” And light came into being.
Date: 3rd Century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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