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Exodus 32 refers to a heavenly book that records the judgement of individuals, following ancient Near Eastern traditions such as in Enuma Elish where the gods use the heavenly Tablet of Destiny to control the destiny of people, gods, and the cosmos.
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Enuma Elish I
The Seven Tablets of Creation
Ancient Near East
The leadership of the army, the direction of the host, The bearing of weapons, campaigning, the mobilization of conflict, The chief executive power of battle, supreme command, She entrusted to him and set him on a throne, 'I have cast the spell for you and exalted you in the host of the gods, I have delivered to you the rule of all the gods. You are indeed exalted, my spouse, you are renowned, Let your commands prevail over all the Anunnaki.' She gave him the Tablet of Destinies and fastened it to his breast, Saying 'Your order may not be changed; let the utterance of your mouth be firm.' After Qingu was elevated and had acquired the power of Anuship, He decreed the destinies for the gods, her sons: 'May the utterance of your mouths subdue the fire-god, May your poison by its accumulation put down aggression.'
Date: 1800 - 1750 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Exodus 32:32
Hebrew Bible
31 So Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Alas, this people has committed a very serious sin, and they have made for themselves gods of gold. 32 But now, if you will forgive their sin…, but if not, wipe me out from your book that you have written.” 33 The Lord said to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against me—that person I will wipe out of my book. 34 So now go, lead the people to the place I have spoken to you about. See, my angel will go before you. But on the day that I punish, I will indeed punish them for their sin.”
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Notes and References
"... Two Babylonian epics do center on fighting among the gods : the Zu Myth, in which the demon god Zu steals the Tablet of Destiny (a literal cuneiform tablet laying down the status quo), and the Epic of Creation, in which the old generation of gods, angry with the younger for its noise, try to destroy them, but are themselves destroyed by Marduk. In both of these epics the main body of gods are assumed to be in the right. Zu, the irresponsible demon, has robbed them of a thing the loss of which could bring chaos on the universe. In the Epic of Creation a primeval monster is threatening extinction on the gods and has to be faced. The responsible gods sit in committee like a group of civil servants, until a junior member is prevailed upon to take up the cause ..."
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