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Deuteronomy excuses from battle a man with a new house, vineyard or bride. Luke's banquet guests give excuses close to these, and the Gospel of Thomas adds a guest who bought a house, which Luke lacks, yet otherwise strays further from Deuteronomy.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Deuteronomy 20:5
Hebrew Bible
5 Moreover, the officers are to say to the troops, “Who among you has built a new house and not dedicated it? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else dedicate it. 6 Or who among you has planted a vineyard and not benefited from it? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else benefit from it. 7 Or who among you has become engaged to a woman but has not married her? He may go home, lest he die in battle and someone else marry her.”
Luke 14:20
New Testament
16 But Jesus said to him, “A man once gave a great banquet and invited many guests. 17 At the time for the banquet he sent his slave to tell those who had been invited, ‘Come, because everything is now ready.’ 18 But one after another they all began to make excuses. The first said to him, ‘I have bought a field, and I must go out and see it. Please excuse me.’ 19 Another said, ‘I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I am going out to examine them. Please excuse me.’ 20 Another said, ‘I just got married, and I cannot come.’ 21 So the slave came back and reported this to his master. Then the master of the household was furious and said to his slave, ‘Go out quickly to the streets and alleys of the city, and bring in the poor, the crippled, the blind, and the lame.’ 22 Then the slave said, ‘Sir, what you instructed has been done, and there is still room.’ 23 So the master said to his slave, ‘Go out to the highways and country roads and urge people to come in, so that my house will be filled. 24 For I tell you, not one of those individuals who were invited will taste my banquet!’”
Gospel of Thomas 1:64
Nag Hammadi
63 Jesus said, “There was a rich man who had much money. He said, ‘I will use my money to sow and reap and to plant and to fill my storehouses with fruit so that I will lack nothing.’ These were the things he was thinking in his heart, and that night he died. Whoever has ears should hear.” 64 Jesus said, “A man had guests, and when he prepared the dinner, he sent his slave to invite the guests. He went to the first and said to him, ‘My master invites you.’ He said, ‘I have a claim against merchants; they are coming to me this evening. I must go and give orders. I ask to be excused from the dinner.’ He went to another and said, ‘My master invites you.’ He said to him, ‘I have bought a house and I am required for a day. I will not have time.’ He went to another and said, ‘My master invites you.’ He said to him, ‘My friend is getting married, and I am organizing the banquet. I cannot come. I ask to be excused.’ He went to another and said, ‘My master invites you.’ He said to him, ‘I have bought a farm; I am going to collect the rent. I will not be able to come. I ask to be excused.’ The servant returned and said to his master, ‘Those whom you invited to the dinner have asked to be excused.’ The master said to his servant, ‘Go out on the highways; bring those whom you meet, so that they may dine.’ Merchants and traders will not enter the places of my Father.” 65 He said, “A good man owned a vineyard and leased it to some farmers to work it and he might receive its fruit from them. He sent his servant so that the farmers might give him the fruit of the vineyard. They seized his servant, beat him, and almost killed him, and the servant returned and told his master. His master said, ‘Perhaps they did not recognize him.’ He sent another servant. The farmers beat that one as well. Then the owner sent his son and said, ‘Perhaps they will show respect to my son.’ The farmers knew that he was the heir of the vineyard. They seized him and killed him. Whoever has ears should hear.”
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Notes and References
“... 64.5 He said to him, “I have bought a house and am required today. I shall not have the spare time.” The house-buying does not appear in the Matthean or Lukan parallel. Sterling attributes its presence to ‘either the tradition behind Thomas or Thomas used Deuteronomy 20 to expand the list of potential excuses’. However, the ‘excuse’ in Deuteronomy 20.5 belongs to the man who has built a house and should dedicate it. The link between Deut. 20.6–7 and Thomas is not strong: Thomas is further away from Deuteronomy than Luke in his talk of buying a village not a farm/ vineyard, and in the reference to the friend getting married. ...”
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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