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In Daniel, God judges as heavenly records are opened. In 3 Enoch, he holds that court every day, making the judgment of human lives a regular hearing rather than a single final event.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Daniel 7:9
Hebrew Bible
9 “While I was watching, thrones were set up, and the Ancient of Days took his seat. His attire was white like snow; the hair of his head was like lamb’s wool. His throne was ablaze with fire, and its wheels were all aflame. 10 A river of fire was streaming forth and proceeding from his presence. Many thousands were ministering to him; many tens of thousands stood ready to serve him. The court convened, and the books were opened. 11 “Then I kept on watching because of the arrogant words of the horn that was speaking. I was watching until the beast was killed and its body destroyed and thrown into the flaming fire.
3 Enoch 28:7
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
And every day, as the Holy One, blessed be He, is sitting upon the Throne of Judgement and judges the whole world, and the Books of the Living and the Books of the Dead are opened before Him, then all the children of heaven are standing before him in fear, dread, awe and trembling. At that time, (when) the Holy One, blessed be He, is sitting upon the Throne of Judgement to execute judgement, his garment is white as snow, the hair on his head as pure wool and the whole of his cloak is like the shining light. And he is covered with righteousness all over as with a coat of mail.
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Notes and References
“... The first resurrection passage appears at the end of the judgment scene found in 3
Enoch 28. In this passage, God sits on his throne of judgment every day (v. 7) to reward
or punish the souls of those who have just died (cf. 3 En 28:10; 31:2; 44:3). The language
used to describe this judgment (3 En 28:7) seems to be taken from Dan 7:9-10 (see the
The main difference between these two passages is when the judgment will take
place. While the judgment scene in Dan 7:9-10 is a unique eschatological event, taking
place after the “time and times and half a time” period (Dan 7:25) and introduces the
Messianic era (Dan 7:13-14, 27), the judgment scene in 3 En 28 suggests that the author
understood this judgment as a daily occurrence [...].
Regardless of this difference, the outcome of both judgment scenes are in the favor of the
saints (Dan 7:27), and the righteous (3 En 28:10). ...”
Sigvartsen, Jan A.
The Afterlife Views and the Use of the Tanakh in Support of the Resurrection Concept in the Literature of Second Temple Period Judaism: The Apocrypha and the Pseudepigrapha
(p. 147; 149) Andrews University, 2016
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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