Code of Ur Nammu

Ancient Near East
By granting immunity in Akkad to the maritime trade from the seafarers' overseer, and to the herdsman from the "oxen-taker," the "sheep-taker," and the "donkey-taker," he set Sumer and Akkad free. At that time, he established standardized weights and measures. He fashioned the bronze silé-measure, standardized the one mina weight, and set the stone-weight of a shekel of silver in relation to one mina. The orphan was not delivered up to the rich man; the widow was not delivered up to the mighty man; the poor man with one shekel was not delivered up to the man of one mina. If a man plants for another without the owner's knowledge, he must bring in the produce.
Date: 2100 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates) Source

Deuteronomy 10:18

Hebrew Bible
16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn! 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates) Source

Notes and References

"... As Amenemope is the only extra-biblical cognate related to the biblical concept of protecting the gēr alongside the widow, this study postulates, with some caution, that the Egyptian wisdom literature had some influence on Deuteronomy’s interest in adding the gēr to the widow-orphan dyad. Admittedly, Amenemope’s genre belongs to wisdom literature rather than a legal tradition; however, the mandates for the widow and the stranger in this context both relate to providing food and oil for the widow and the stranger. Lohfink posits that the widow-orphan doublet is a fixed word pair first observed in the Code of Ur-Nammu (late–3rd millennium) that Israel inherits as a dyad and which functions as a symbolic name for those in need of help. In the Covenant Code, which many scholars date before D, the widow-orphan dyad appears twice apart from any mention of the gēr. Glanville posits the reference to the pair in Exodus 22:22, 24 is ancient, predating the Exodus narrative. Further, Achenbach identifies the Covenant Code as the first time in Israelite history that the gēr are acknowledged together with the dyad as an integral part of personae miserabiles ..."

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