Texts in Conversation
4 Maccabees describes the seven brothers scourged and tortured on the wheel for refusing their ancestral requirements. Paul boasts of similar physical sufferings in 2 Corinthians 11, listing his lashes, beatings, and stonings as evidence of his apostleship.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
4 Maccabees 9:12
Pseudepigrapha
11 Then at his command the guards brought forward the eldest, and having torn off his tunic, they bound his hands and arms with thongs on each side. 12 When they had worn themselves out beating him with scourges, without accomplishing anything, they placed him upon the wheel. 13 When the noble youth was stretched out around this, his limbs were dislocated, 14 and with every member disjointed he denounced the tyrant, saying,
2 Corinthians 11:24
New Testament
23 Are they servants of Christ? (I am talking like I am out of my mind!) I am even more so: with much greater labors, with far more imprisonments, with more severe beatings, facing death many times. 24 Five times I received from the Jews forty lashes less one. 25 Three times I was beaten with a rod. Once I received a stoning. Three times I suffered shipwreck. A night and a day I spent adrift in the open sea. 26 I have been on journeys many times, in dangers from rivers, in dangers from robbers, in dangers from my own countrymen, in dangers from Gentiles, in dangers in the city, in dangers in the wilderness, in dangers at sea, in dangers from false brothers,
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Notes and References
“... In the letters of Paul to the Corinthians we must also be aware that Paul is confronting himself with a Graeco-Roman audience. There are, as previously mentioned, peristasis catalogues in 1 Corinthians 4.10-13; 2 Corinthians 4.8-9; 6.4-10; 11.23-33 and 12.10. The first question must be whether Paul in these catalogues attached himself to the earthly Jesus, whose apostle he is. At first let me draw attention to some parallels between the peristasis catalogues and the words of Jesus ... When we arrive at the last peristasis catalogue in 11.23-33, it is evident that Paul presents himself against the background of an Old Testament notion. But that is not the passio-justi theme. Rather, it is the notion of boasting. The catalogue may be interpreted on the basis of the greater context 2 Corinthians 10-13, where in 10.17 a quotation is taken from Jeremiah 9.23 about boasting. This exact quotation dominates the entire section where Paul, in a kind of a ‘fool speech’, settles with the so-called ‘head-apostles’ (11.13; 12.11). They boast of their Jewish descendancy (11.22), whereas Paul boasts of his same Jewish descendancy together with his many adversities and sufferings, to which he as a Jew is exposed from the side of his compatriots ...”
Willert, Niels
“The Catalogues of Hardships in the Pauline Correspondence: Background and Function” in Borgen, Peder, and Søren Giversen, editors. The New Testament and Hellenistic Judaism
(p. 237) Aarhus University Press, 1995
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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