Texts in Conversation
In 4 Maccabees, the mother of seven martyrs call herself a pure virgin whom the deceitful serpent never defiled. In 2 Corinthians 11, Paul uses the same language to describe the Corinthians, a pure virgin promised to Jesus, tempted by the serpent.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
4 Maccabees 18:8
Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
6 The righteous mother of the seven children spoke also as follows to her offspring: 7 “I was a pure virgin, and didn’t go beyond my father’s house, but I took care of the rib from which woman was made. 8 No destroyer of the desert or ravisher of the plain injured me, nor did the destructive, deceitful snake make plunder of my chaste virginity. I remained with my husband during the time of my maturity. 9 When these, my children, arrived at maturity, their father died. He was blessed! For having sought out a life of fertility in children, he was not grieved with a period of loss of children.
2 Corinthians 11:3
New Testament
1 I wish that you would be patient with me in a little foolishness, but indeed you are being patient with me! 2 For I am jealous for you with godly jealousy, because I promised you in marriage to one husband, to present you as a pure virgin to Christ. 3 But I am afraid that just as the serpent deceived Eve by his treachery, your minds may be led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ. 4 For if someone comes and proclaims another Jesus different from the one we proclaimed, or if you receive a different spirit than the one you received, or a different gospel than the one you accepted, you put up with it well enough!
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Notes and References
“... As a corollary of her completely cooperating in fulfilling her destiny as the wife made to be helpmate for her future husband, she heeded the cautions of the Torah concerning the seducer who might destroy her chastity. 4 Maccabees 18:8 recalls the case recorded in Deut 22:25–27, recontextualizing the phrase ἐv πεδίῳ and describing rather clearly the same circumstances (being accosted and raped in a deserted place). By remaining in the private spaces of her father’s house, she took the necessary precautions against this eventuality. What follows is an interesting reading of the Fall of Eve and the activity of the serpent in the garden. The language of Eve’s defense in Gen 3:13, “the serpent beguiled (ἠπάτησεv) me,” is the same language of seduction found in Exod 22:16 (ἀπατήσῃ), which describes a case similar to the one covered in Deut 22:25–27. The author of 4 Maccabees makes this same connection when he refers to “the deceitful (ἀπάτης) serpent,” suggesting that Satan is particularly interested in corrupting women through the extramarital advances of males. Paul in 2 Cor 11:2–3 evokes the same suggestive overtones of Satan’s activity as seduction (here, though, away from “fidelity” to Christ, the bridegroom of the Church). The mother’s vigilance against any assault contributes not only to her own honor, but also to the honor of the seven brothers, affirming the legitimacy of their birth. ...”
DeSilva, David A.
4 Maccabees: Introduction and Commentary on the Greek Text in Codex Sinaiticus
(p. 258) Brill, 2006
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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