Texts in Conversation
In 2 Samuel, God promises to be a father to the son who will succeed David. In 4Q174 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the promise applies to a future ruler from David’s family who will appear alongside an interpreter of the Torah.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
2 Samuel 7:14
Hebrew Bible
12 When the time comes for you to die, I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He will build a house for my name, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 14 I will become his father and he will become my son. When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings. 15 But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 16 Your house and your kingdom will stand before me permanently; your dynasty will be permanent.’”
4Q174 1:11
4QFlorilegium
Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation
10 And the LORD declares to you that he will build you a house. “And I will raise up your seed after you, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom 11 forever. I will be a father to him, and he will be a son to me.” This is the branch of David, who arises with the interpreter of the Torah, who 12 […] in Zion in the last days, as it is written, “And I will raise up the booth of David that is fallen.” This is the booth of 13 David that is fallen, who will arise to save Israel.
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Notes and References
“... 'The Lord declares to you that He will build you a House. I will raise up your seed after you. I will establish the throne of his kingdom [for ever]. [I will be] his father and he shall be my Son.' He is the Branch of David who shall arise with the Interpreter of the Law [to rule] in Zion [at the end] of time. So we see here Nathan's prophecy applied, as might be expected, to a Davidic or princely Messiah, but the link with 'the Interpreter of the Law', shows how strong was the expectation at Qumran of at least two eschatological figures. ...”
Rowe, Robert D.
God's Kingdom and God's Son: The Background in Mark's Christology from Concepts of Kingship in the Psalms
(p. 179) Brill, 2002
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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