... After the interruption of the vision of the cosmological secrets with the account of wisdom's descent and return to heaven, which some consider to reflect clumsy redaction, the Parables of Enoch returns in 43:1 to its description of the heavenly phenomena. The vision now recounts the secrets of the stars and lightning, perhaps linking them because they are considered to be made of the same stuff: the material of light. It is worth noting that classical thought was, at points, preoccupied with the nature of the substance of which stars were made, with this connected in certain strands of Greek philosophy to the concept of the stoicheia (elements) and, specifically, to that of pneuma. Both Engberg-Pedersen and Thiessen have recently argued that the association of stars with pneuma is a crucial element in the apostle Paul's thought, as he sees the fulfilment of the promise to Abraham—that his descendants would be like the stars—to be constituted by the presence of pneuma, the stuff of stars, in believers. ...