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Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Bunch yourselves together like straw, you undesirable nation, 2 before God’s decree becomes reality and the day of opportunity disappears like windblown chaff, before the Lord’s raging anger overtakes you—before the day of the Lord’s angry judgment overtakes you! 3 Seek the Lord’s favor, all you humble people of the land who have obeyed his commands! Strive to do what is right! Strive to be humble!⁠ Maybe you will be protected on the day of the Lord’s angry judgment. 4 Indeed, Gaza will be deserted⁠ and Ashkelon will become a heap of ruins. Invaders will drive away the people of Ashdod by noon, and Ekron will be overthrown. 5 Beware, you who live by the sea, the people who came from Crete. The Lord’s message is against you, Canaan, land of the Philistines: “I will destroy everyone who lives there!” 6 The seacoast will be used as pasture lands by the shepherds and as pens for their flocks. 7 Those who are left from the kingdom of Judah will take possession of it. By the sea they will graze, in the houses of Ashkelon they will lie down in the evening, for the Lord their God will intervene for them and restore their prosperity. 8 “I have heard Moab’s taunts and the Ammonites’ insults. They taunted my people and verbally harassed those living in Judah. 9 Therefore, as surely as I live,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, “be certain that Moab will become like Sodom and the Ammonites like Gomorrah. They will be overrun by weeds, filled with salt pits, and permanently desolate. Those of my people who are left will plunder their belongings; those who are left in Judah will take possession of their land.” 10 This is how they will be repaid for their arrogance, for they taunted and verbally harassed the people of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 11 The Lord will terrify them, for he will weaken all the gods of the earth. All the coastlands of the nations40 will worship the Lord in their own lands.⁠ 12 “You Ethiopians will also die by my sword!” 13 The Lord will attack the north and destroy Assyria. He will make Nineveh a heap of ruins; it will be as barren as the desert. 14 Flocks and herds will lie down in the middle of it, as well as every kind of wild animal. Owls will sleep in the tops of its support pillars; they will hoot through the windows. Rubble will cover the thresholds;⁠ even the cedar work will be exposed to the elements. 15 This is how the once-proud city will end up—the city that was so secure. She thought to herself, “I am unique! No one can compare to me!”⁠ What a heap of ruins she has become, a place where wild animals live! Everyone who passes by her taunts her and shakes his fist.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Zephaniah 2:4 and LXX Zephaniah 2:4

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

The Hebrew version of Zephaniah uses creative language for the name Gaza by calling the city abandoned, two words that sound similar. The Greek Septuagint tried to keep the similar sound but ended up changing the meaning to do so.

Passages

Zephaniah 2:4

Hebrew Bible
3 Seek the Lord’s favor, all you humble people of the land who have obeyed his commands! Strive to do what is right! Strive to be humble! Maybe you will be protected on the day of the Lord’s angry judgment. 4 Indeed, Gaza will be deserted and Ashkelon will become a heap of ruins. Invaders will drive away the people of Ashdod by noon, and Ekron will be overthrown. 5 Beware, you who live by the sea, the people who came from Crete. The Lord’s message is against you, Canaan, land of the Philistines: “I will destroy everyone who lives there!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

LXX Zephaniah 2:4

Septuagint
3 Seek the Lord, all you meek of the earth; do judgment, and seek justice, and answer accordingly; that you may be hidden in the day of the fierce anger of the Lord. 4 For Gaza shall be utterly looted, and Ashkelon shall be destroyed; and Ashdod shall be cast forth at noon-day, and Ekron shall be rooted up. 5 Woe to those who dwell on the border of the sea, neighbors of the Cretans! the word of the Lord is against you, Canaan, land of the Philistines, and I will destroy you out of your dwelling-place.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Zephaniah

References

... Otherwise, the verse does not pose any exegetical difficulties. All versions translate literally except for the Septuagint, which creates a different paronomasia when retroverted into the Hebrew: instead of the Masoretic Text 'Gaza (shall be) abandoned,' it reads 'Gaza (shall be) spoiled.' Targum captures the paronomasia only in regards to Ekron. ...
Ahuva Ho, The Targum of Zephaniah: Manuscripts and Commentary, SAIS 7 (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 267.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zephaniah 2:4 and LXX Zephaniah 2:4

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