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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 9

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message concerning the land of Hadrach, with its focus on Damascus: The eyes of all humanity, especially of the tribes of Israel, are toward the Lord, 2 as are those of Hamath also, which adjoins Damascus, Tyre, and Sidon, though they consider themselves to be very wise. 3 Tyre built herself a fortification and piled up silver like dust and gold like the mud of the streets.⁠ 4 Nevertheless the Lord will evict her and shove her fortifications into the sea—she⁠ will be consumed by fire. 5 Ashkelon will see and be afraid; Gaza will be in great anguish, as will Ekron, for her hope will have been dried up. Gaza will lose her king, and Ashkelon will no longer be inhabited. 6 A mongrel people will live in Ashdod, for I will greatly humiliate the Philistines.⁠ 7 I will take away their blood from their mouth and their abominations from between their teeth;9⁠ then those who survive will become a community of believers in our God, like a clan in Judah, and Ekron will be like the Jebusites. 8 Then I will surround my temple to protect it like a guard⁠ from anyone crossing back and forth; so no one will cross over against them anymore as an oppressor, for now I myself have seen it. 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem!⁠ Look! Your king is coming to you: He is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey.⁠ 10 I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth.⁠ 11 Moreover, as for you, because of our covenant relationship secured with blood, I will release your prisoners from the waterless pit.⁠ 12 Return to the stronghold, you prisoners, with hope; today I declare that I will return double what was taken from you. 13 I will bend Judah as my bow; I will load the bow with Ephraim, my arrow. I will stir up your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and I will make you, Zion, like a warrior’s sword. 14 Then the Lord will appear above them,⁠ and his arrow will shoot forth like lightning;⁠ the Sovereign Lord will blow the trumpet and will proceed in the southern storm winds.⁠ 15 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will guard them, and they will prevail and overcome with sling stones. Then they will drink and will become noisy like drunkards, full like the sacrificial basin or like the corners of the altar. 16 On that day the Lord their God will deliver them as the flock of his people, for they are the precious stones of a crown sparkling over his land. 17 How precious and fair! Grain will make the young men flourish, and new wine the young women.

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Compare Habakkuk 3:11 and Zechariah 9:14

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Habakkuk 3 and Zechariah 9 describe God at war using arrows and lightning, connecting the sun, moon, and storm to battle. The images follow ancient Near Eastern traditions where storm gods fight with thunder and hail.

Passages

Habakkuk 3:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Your bow is ready for action; you commission your arrows. Selah. You cause flash floods on the earth’s surface. 10 When the mountains see you, they shake. The torrential downpour sweeps through. The great deep shouts out; it lifts its hands high. 11 The sun and moon stand still in their courses; the flash of your arrows drives them away, the bright light of your lightning-quick spear. 12 You furiously stomp on the earth; you angrily trample down the nations. 13 You march out to deliver your people, to deliver your special servant. You strike the leader of the wicked nation, laying him open from the lower body to the neck. Selah.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

Zechariah 9:14

Hebrew Bible
12 Return to the stronghold, you prisoners, with hope; today I declare that I will return double what was taken from you. 13 I will bend Judah as my bow; I will load the bow with Ephraim, my arrow. I will stir up your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and I will make you, Zion, like a warrior’s sword. 14 Then the Lord will appear above them, and his arrow will shoot forth like lightning; the Sovereign Lord will blow the trumpet and will proceed in the southern storm winds. 15 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will guard them, and they will prevail and overcome with sling stones. Then they will drink and will become noisy like drunkards, full like the sacrificial basin or like the corners of the altar. 16 On that day the Lord their God will deliver them as the flock of his people, for they are the precious stones of a crown sparkling over his land.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Other Ancient Near Eastern divine warriors also used hail against their enemies. Sargon declared, “Adad, the violent, the powerful son of Anu, let loose his fierce tempest against them and, with bursting cloud and thunderbolt (literally “stones of heaven”), totally annihilated them.” Shalmaneser III boasted that he “rained down upon them [the western kings] destruction (literally “flood”) as the god Adad would.” The Sefire treaty also included hail among the curses, depicting the attacks that the divine warrior would send against those who broke the treaty. In the seventh plague, YHWH sent hail against the Egyptians that was worse than any hail they had ever seen (Exodus 9:13–32). Lightning and thunder were quintessential tools of a storm god. Thunder provided rain for crops (KTU 1.5 v.64–73), but often served as a weapon. While Baal used thunder and lightning to wage war and to proclaim his coronation (KTU 1.4 vii 30–31), Marduk employed thunderbolts in his battle against Tiamat (Enuma Elish iv.39). The Egyptian god Seth was associated with the use of thunder and rainstorms in war. The Hittite storm-god struck a city with a lightning bolt and caused the enemy king to stop fighting. Herodotus ascribed to the gods a storm that destroyed many Persian ships (Histories 8.13). Thunder and lightning were also common divine weapons in the Hebrew Bible and often denoted the presence of YHWH. (compare Exodus 19–20; Ezekiel 1:13; Habakkuk 3:11; Zechariah 9:14) ..."
Charlie Trimm, "YHWH Fights for Them!": The Divine Warrior in the Exodus Narrative (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2014), 48–49.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Habakkuk 3:11 and Zechariah 9:14

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