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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 12

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message concerning Israel: The Lord—he who stretches out the heavens and lays the foundations of the earth,⁠ who forms the human spirit within a person—says,⁠ 2 “I am about to make Jerusalem a cup that brings dizziness to all the surrounding nations; indeed, Judah will also be included when Jerusalem is besieged. 3 Moreover, on that day I will make Jerusalem a heavy burden for all the nations, and all who try to carry it will be seriously injured;⁠ yet all the peoples of the earth will be assembled against it.⁠ 4 On that day,” says the Lord, “I will strike every horse with confusion and its rider with madness. I will pay close attention to the house of Judah, but will strike all the horses of the nations with blindness.⁠ 5 Then the leaders of Judah will say to themselves, ‘The inhabitants of Jerusalem are a means of strength to us through their God, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.’ 6 On that day I will make the leaders of Judah like an igniter among sticks and a burning torch among sheaves, and they will burn up all the surrounding nations right and left. Then the people of Jerusalem will settle once more in their place, the city of Jerusalem. 7 The Lord also will deliver the homes of Judah first, so that the splendor of the kingship of David and of the people of Jerusalem may not exceed that of Judah. 8 On that day the Lord himself will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like mighty David, and the dynasty of David will be like God, like the angel of the Lord before them.⁠ 9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced.⁠ They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn.⁠ 11 On that day the lamentation in Jerusalem will be as great as the lamentation at Hadad Rimmon in the plain of Megiddo. 12 The land will mourn, each clan by itself—the clan of the royal household of David by itself and their wives by themselves; the clan of the family of Nathan by itself and their wives by themselves; 13 the clan of the descendants of Levi by itself and their wives by themselves; and the clan of the Shimeites by itself and their wives by themselves; 14 all the clans that remain, each separately with their wives.

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 12:10 and LXX Zechariah 12:10

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Zechariah says “they will look on me whom they pierced,” but the Greek Septuagint translates “pierced” as “danced triumphantly over” or “mocked,” completely changing the meaning from physical violence to scornful mockery.

Passages

Zechariah 12:10

Hebrew Bible
9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn. 11 On that day the lamentation in Jerusalem will be as great as the lamentation at Hadad Rimmon in the plain of Megiddo.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

LXX Zechariah 12:10

Septuagint
9 And it will happen in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have danced in mockery, and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved friend, and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn son. 11 In that day the lamentation in Jerusalem shall be very great, as the mourning for the pomegranate grove cut down in the plain.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Zechariah

References

"... The only two occurrences of דקר in Zechariah appear in 12:10 and 13:3. Interestingly, assuming the Masoretic Text as Vorlage, neither occurrence is translated literally in the Septuagint, and further, each translation is distinct. In 12:10, it is translated by κατορχέομαι, “dance in triumph over, treat spitefully, to mock at.” In 13:3 it is translated by συμποδίζω, “bind the feet together,” or “bind hand and foot.” In neither verse is there any indication of a variant reading in the Masoretic Text for that verb. Unless the translator had before him a variant Vorlage, his radical departure from the meaning of the Hebrew verb in these two cases may signal some antipathy toward the Hebrew verb דקר. A literal translation of the verb for “pierced” at the time of translation or editing may have carried some undesirable connotations for the translator and/or the reading audience that have since been lost ..."
Maarten J.J. Menken, The Fourth Gospel and the Scriptures: Illuminating the Form and Meaning of Scriptural Citation in John 19:37 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 72–73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zechariah 12:10 and LXX Zechariah 12:10

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