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LXX Zechariah

Septuagint

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Chapter 12

1 The burden of the word of the Lord for Israel; says the Lord, that stretches out the sky, and lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him. 2 Look, I will make Jerusalem as trembling door-posts to all the nations all around, and in Judea there shall be a siege against Jerusalem. 3 And it will happen in that day that I will make Jerusalem a trodden stone to all the nations: every one that tramples on it shall utterly mock at it, and all the nations of the earth shall be gathered together against it. 4 In that day, says the Lord Almighty, I will strike every horse with amazement, and his rider with madness: but I will open my eyes upon the house of Judah, and I will strike all the horses of the nations with blindness. 5 And the captains of thousands of Judah shall say in their hearts, We shall find for ourselves the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the Lord Almighty their God. 6 In that day I will make the captains of thousands of Judah as a firebrand among wood, and as a torch of fire in stubble; and they shall devour on the right hand and on the left all the nations all around: and Jerusalem shall dwell again by herself. 7 And the Lord shall save the tabernacles of Judah as at the beginning, that the boast of the house of David, and the pride of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, may not magnify themselves against Judah. 8 And it will happen in that day, that the Lord shall defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and the weak one among them in that day shall be as the house of David, and the house of David as the house of God, as the angel of the Lord before them. 9 And it will happen in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have danced in mockery,⁠ and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved friend, and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn son. 11 In that day the lamentation in Jerusalem shall be very great, as the mourning for the pomegranate grove cut down in the plain. 12 And the land shall lament in separate families, each family by itself, and their wives by themselves; the family of the house of David by itself, and their wives by themselves; the family of the house of Nathan by itself, and their wives by themselves; 13 the family of the house of Levi by itself, and their wives by themselves; the family of Simeon by itself, and their wives by themselves; 14 all the families that are left, each family by itself, and their wives by themselves.

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 12:10 and LXX Zechariah 12:10

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Zechariah says “they will look on me whom they pierced,” but the Greek Septuagint translates “pierced” as “danced triumphantly over” or “mocked,” completely changing the meaning from physical violence to scornful mockery.

Passages

Zechariah 12:10

Hebrew Bible
9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn. 11 On that day the lamentation in Jerusalem will be as great as the lamentation at Hadad Rimmon in the plain of Megiddo.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

LXX Zechariah 12:10

Septuagint
9 And it will happen in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have danced in mockery, and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved friend, and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn son. 11 In that day the lamentation in Jerusalem shall be very great, as the mourning for the pomegranate grove cut down in the plain.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Zechariah

References

"... The only two occurrences of דקר in Zechariah appear in 12:10 and 13:3. Interestingly, assuming the Masoretic Text as Vorlage, neither occurrence is translated literally in the Septuagint, and further, each translation is distinct. In 12:10, it is translated by κατορχέομαι, “dance in triumph over, treat spitefully, to mock at.” In 13:3 it is translated by συμποδίζω, “bind the feet together,” or “bind hand and foot.” In neither verse is there any indication of a variant reading in the Masoretic Text for that verb. Unless the translator had before him a variant Vorlage, his radical departure from the meaning of the Hebrew verb in these two cases may signal some antipathy toward the Hebrew verb דקר. A literal translation of the verb for “pierced” at the time of translation or editing may have carried some undesirable connotations for the translator and/or the reading audience that have since been lost ..."
Maarten J.J. Menken, The Fourth Gospel and the Scriptures: Illuminating the Form and Meaning of Scriptural Citation in John 19:37 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 72–73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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