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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Ask the Lord for rain in the season of the late spring rains—the Lord who causes thunderstorms—and he will give everyone showers of rain and green growth in the field.⁠ 2 For the household gods have spoken wickedness, the soothsayers have seen a lie, and the dreamers have disclosed emptiness and give comfort in vain. Therefore the people set out like sheep and become scattered because they have no shepherd. 3 “I am enraged at the shepherds and will punish the lead goats. “For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has brought blessing to his flock, the house of Judah, and will transform them into his majestic warhorse. 4 From him will come the cornerstone, the wall peg, the battle bow, and every ruler. 5 And they will be like warriors trampling the mud of the streets in battle. They will fight, for the Lord will be with them, and will defeat the enemy cavalry. 6 “I (says the Lord) will strengthen the kingdom of Judah and deliver the people of Joseph and will bring them back because of my compassion for them. They will be as though I had never rejected them, for I am the Lord their God, and therefore I will hear them. 7 The Ephraimites will be like warriors and will rejoice as if they had drunk wine. Their children will see it and rejoice; they will celebrate in the things of the Lord. 8 I will signal for them and gather them,⁠ for I have already redeemed them; then they will become as numerous as they were before. 9 Though I scatter them among the nations, they will remember in far-off places—they and their children will survive and return. 10 I will bring them back from Egypt and gather them from Assyria. I will bring them to the lands of Gilead and Lebanon, and there will not be enough room for them. 11 The Lord will cross the sea of storms and will calm its turbulence. The depths of the Nile will dry up, the pride of Assyria will be humbled, and the domination of Egypt will be no more.⁠ 12 Thus I will strengthen them by my power, and they will walk about in my name,” says the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 11:15 and Zechariah 10:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah describes a future rescue where the seas and rivers are dried, recalling the exodus to describe a new passage for the people. Zechariah repeats this imagery, depicting the drying of water as a part of Israel’s new exodus and return from exile.

Passages

Isaiah 11:15

Hebrew Bible
13 Ephraim’s jealousy will end, and Judah’s hostility will be eliminated. Ephraim will no longer be jealous of Judah, and Judah will no longer be hostile toward Ephraim. 14 They will swoop down on the Philistine hills to the west; together they will loot the people of the east. They will take over Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites will be their subjects. 15 The Lord will divide the gulf of the Egyptian Sea; he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River and send a strong wind; he will turn it into seven dried-up streams and enable them to walk across in their sandals. 16 There will be a highway leading out of Assyria for the remnant of his people, just as there was for Israel, when they went up from the land of Egypt.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Zechariah 10:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Though I scatter them among the nations, they will remember in far-off places—they and their children will survive and return. 10 I will bring them back from Egypt and gather them from Assyria. I will bring them to the lands of Gilead and Lebanon, and there will not be enough room for them. 11 The Lord will cross the sea of storms and will calm its turbulence. The depths of the Nile will dry up, the pride of Assyria will be humbled, and the domination of Egypt will be no more. 12 Thus I will strengthen them by my power, and they will walk about in my name,” says the Lord.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Many Jewish writers included the event of Moses' striking the sea, taking for granted that he divided the sea with his rod. Jacobson's close studies of the Jewish texts show that some texts underline the role of Moses' rod while others minimize it. In addition to Ezekiel, the hitting of the sea is mentioned in Artapanus, Philo, Pseudo-Philo Biblical Antiquities and Josephus. Jacobson correctly notes that Isaiah 11:15 and Zechariah 10:11 also suppose that the sea was hit, although in these cases it was God who did it. Jacobson considers the detail important. His answer to why Ezekiel preferred one tradition to another is that, contrary to the Hebrew tradition and similarly to most Jewish Hellenists, Ezekiel wanted to emphasize Moses' role in the miracle ..."
Erkki Koskenniemi, The Old Testament Miracle-Workers in Early Judaism (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005), 76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 11:15 and Zechariah 10:11

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