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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Rulers Are Urged to Seek Wisdom

Chapter 6

1 Hear therefore, you kings, and understand. Learn, you judges of the ends of the earth.⁠ 2 Give ear, you rulers who have dominion over many people, and make your boast in multitudes of nations, 3 because your dominion was given to you from the Lord, and your sovereignty from the Most High. He will search out your works, and will inquire about your plans, 4 because being officers of his kingdom, you didn’t judge rightly, nor did you keep the law, nor did you walk according to God’s counsel. 5 He will come upon you dreadfully and swiftly, because a stern judgment comes on those who are in high places. 6 For the man of low estate may be pardoned in mercy, but mighty men will be mightily tested. 7 For the Sovereign Lord of all will not be impressed with anyone, neither will he show deference to greatness; because it is he who made both small and great, and cares about them all; 8 but the scrutiny that comes upon the powerful is strict. 9 Therefore, my words are to you, O princes, that you may learn wisdom and not fall away. 10 For those who have kept the things that are holy in holiness will be made holy. Those who have been taught them will find what to say in defense. 11 Therefore set your desire on my words. Long for them, and you will be instructed. 12 Wisdom is radiant and doesn’t fade away; and is easily seen by those who love her, and found by those who seek her.⁠ 13 She anticipates those who desire her, making herself known. 14 He who rises up early to seek her won’t have difficulty, for he will find her sitting at his gates. 15 For to think upon her is perfection of understanding, and he who watches for her will quickly be free from care; 16 because she herself goes around, seeking those who are worthy of her, and in their paths she appears to them graciously, and in every purpose she meets them. 17 For her true beginning is desire for instruction; and care for instruction is love.⁠ 18 And love is observance of her laws. To give heed to her laws confirms immortality.⁠ 19 Immortality brings closeness to God. 20 So then desire for wisdom promotes to a kingdom.⁠ 21 If therefore you delight in thrones and sceptres, you princes of peoples, honor wisdom, that you may reign forever.

Wisdom Made Known

22 But what wisdom is, and how she came into being, I will declare. I won’t hide mysteries from you; but I will explore from her first beginning, bring the knowledge of her into clear light, and I will not pass by the truth. 23 Indeed, I won’t travel with consuming envy, because envy will have no fellowship with wisdom. 24 But a multitude of wise men is salvation to the world, and an understanding king is stability for his people.⁠ 25 Therefore be instructed by my words, and you will profit.

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 6:3 and Romans 13:1

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Romans 13 says that God establishes governments, a common Jewish view found in the Wisdom of Solomon, which teaches that rulers receive their power from God. Wisdom of Solomon emphasizes judgment for unjust rulers, while Paul emphasizes submission.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 6:3

Deuterocanon
1 Hear therefore, you kings, and understand. Learn, you judges of the ends of the earth. 2 Give ear, you rulers who have dominion over many people, and make your boast in multitudes of nations, 3 because your dominion was given to you from the Lord, and your sovereignty from the Most High. He will search out your works, and will inquire about your plans, 4 because being officers of his kingdom, you didn’t judge rightly, nor did you keep the law, nor did you walk according to God’s counsel. 5 He will come upon you dreadfully and swiftly, because a stern judgment comes on those who are in high places. 6 For the man of low estate may be pardoned in mercy, but mighty men will be mightily tested.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Romans 13:1

New Testament
1 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except by God’s appointment, and the authorities that exist have been instituted by God. 2 So the person who resists such authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will incur judgment 3 (for rulers cause no fear for good conduct but for bad). Do you desire not to fear authority? Do good and you will receive its commendation 4 because it is God’s servant for your well-being. But be afraid if you do wrong because government does not bear the sword for nothing. It is God’s servant to administer punishment on the person who does wrong.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... C. K. Barrett, the English exegete, refuted Cullmann's interpretation of the 'authorities' as angelic, finding rather that Cullmann's view is 'almost the exact opposite of the truth; the "authorities" are the state, appointed by God as a bulwark against demonic powers.' Barrett pointed to Wisdom of Solomon 6:3 and Josephus's Jewish War 2:140 as parallels to Romans 13:1b. Subjection to civil rulers is 'an aspect of the doctrine of providence.' It expressed Paul's eschatology, for the 'restraining power' of the Roman imperial government (2 Thessalonians 2:6-7) 'afforded Christians a peaceful existence and the opportunity of preaching the Gospel' prior to the eschaton ..."
James E. Wood, “The Dialectic of Romans 13:1-7 and Revelation 13: Part One,” Journal of Church and State 18.3 (1976): 433–442.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 6:3 and Romans 13:1

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