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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Water as Punishment and Deliverance

Chapter 11

1 Wisdom prospered their works in the hand of a holy prophet. 2 They traveled through a desert without inhabitant, and they pitched their tents in trackless regions. 3 They withstood enemies and repelled foes. 4 They thirsted, and they called upon you, and water was given to them out of the flinty rock, and healing of their thirst out of the hard stone. 5 For by what things their foes were punished, by these they in their need were benefited. 6 When enemies were troubled with clotted blood instead of a river’s ever-flowing fountain, 7 to rebuke the decree for the slaying of babies, you gave them abundant water beyond all hope, 8 having shown by the thirst which they had suffered how you punished the adversaries. 9 For when they were tried, although chastened in mercy, they learned how the ungodly were tormented, being judged with wrath. 10 For you tested these as a father admonishing them; but you searched out those as a stern king condemning them. 11 Yes and whether they were far off or near, they were equally distressed; 12 for a double grief seized them, and a groaning at the memory of things past. 13 For when they heard that through their own punishments the others benefited, they recognized the Lord. 14 For him who long before was thrown out and exposed they stopped mocking. In the end of what happened, they marveled, having thirsted in another manner than the righteous.

God’s Power, Patience, and Mercy

15 But in return for the senseless imaginings of their unrighteousness, by which they were led astray to worship irrational reptiles and wretched vermin,⁠ you sent upon them a multitude of irrational creatures to punish them,⁠ 16 that they might learn that by what things a man sins, by these he is punished.⁠ 17 For your all-powerful hand that created the world out of formless matter⁠ didn’t lack means to send upon them a multitude of bears, fierce lions, 18 or newly-created and unknown wild beasts, full of rage, either breathing out a blast of fiery breath, or belching out smoke, or flashing dreadful sparks from their eyes; 19 which had power not only to consume them by their violence, but to destroy them even by the terror of their sight. 20 Yes and without these they might have fallen by a single breath, being pursued by Justice, and scattered abroad by the breath of your power; but you arranged all things by measure, number, and weight.⁠ 21 For to be greatly strong is yours at all times. Who could withstand the might of your arm? 22 Because the whole world before you is as a grain in a balance, and as a drop of dew that comes down upon the earth in the morning. 23 But you have mercy on all men, because you have power to do all things,⁠ and you overlook the sins of men so that they may repent.⁠ 24 For you love all things that are, and abhor none of the things which you made; for you never would have formed anything if you hated it.⁠ 25 How would anything have endured unless you had willed it? Or that which was not called by you, how would it have been preserved? 26 But you spare all things, because they are yours, O Sovereign Lord, you who love the living.

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 11:20 and Augustine, City of God 5.11

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Wisdom of Solomon says God arranges everything by measure, number, and weight. Augustine repeats this language in a description of God's care for creation, then extends that care to human kingdoms.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 11:20

Deuterocanon
18 or newly-created and unknown wild beasts, full of rage, either breathing out a blast of fiery breath, or belching out smoke, or flashing dreadful sparks from their eyes; 19 which had power not only to consume them by their violence, but to destroy them even by the terror of their sight. 20 Yes and without these they might have fallen by a single breath, being pursued by Justice, and scattered abroad by the breath of your power; but you arranged all things by measure, number, and weight. 21 For to be greatly strong is yours at all times. Who could withstand the might of your arm? 22 Because the whole world before you is as a grain in a balance, and as a drop of dew that comes down upon the earth in the morning.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Augustine, City of God 5.11

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
Therefore God supreme and true, with His Word and Holy Spirit (which three are one), one God omnipotent, creator and maker of every soul and of every body; by whose gift all who are happy through truth and not through vanity are happy; who made man a rational animal consisting of soul and body, who, when he sinned, neither permitted him to go unpunished, nor left him without mercy; who has given to the good and to the evil, being in common with stones, vegetable life in common with trees, sentient life in common with beasts, intellectual life in common with angels alone; from whom is every mode, every species, every order; from whom are measure, number, weight; from whom is everything that exists in nature, of whatever kind and of whatever value; from whom are the seeds of forms and the forms of seeds, and the motion of seeds and of forms; who gave also to flesh its origin, beauty, health, reproductive fecundity, disposition of members, and the salutary concord of its parts; who has also given the irrational soul memory, sense, appetite, but to the rational soul, in addition to these, has given intelligence and will; who — to say nothing of heaven and earth, angels and men — has not left even the entrails of the smallest and most contemptible animal, or the feather of a bird, or the little flower of a plant, or the leaf of a tree, without a harmony, and, as it were, a mutual peace among all its parts — that God can never be believed to have left the kingdoms of men, their dominations and servitudes, outside of the laws of His providence.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 5

References

“... Although this anti-Manichaean feature is not directly related to Augustine’s doctrine of grace, I am convinced that the refuted notion of God as dependent on man could have played a role in Augustine’s emphasis on the absolute sovereignty of God’s grace, not determined by the human will, in the way it was elaborated in the answer to Simplicianus. God as the “measure” (summus modus) of everything is not limited by any “measure”. He orders things and imposes structures on them without being limited by these structures: he is a “measure without a measure, a number without a number, weight without weight” (cf. Wisd. 11:21). ...”
Lenka Karfíková, Grace and the Will according to Augustine, VCSup 115 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 112.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 11:20 and Augustine, City of God 5.11

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