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About this book

Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Wisdom Guides the Ancestors

Chapter 10

1 Wisdom guarded to the end the first formed father of the world, who was created alone, and delivered him out of his own transgression, 2 and gave him strength to rule over all things. 3 But when an unrighteous man fell away from her in his anger, he perished himself in the rage with which he killed his brother.⁠ 4 When because of him the earth was drowning with a flood, wisdom again saved it, guiding the righteous man’s course by a paltry piece of wood. 5 Moreover, when nations consenting together in wickedness had been confounded, wisdom knew the righteous man, and preserved him blameless to God, and kept him strong when his heart yearned toward his child.⁠ 6 While the ungodly were perishing, wisdom delivered a righteous man, when he fled from the fire that descended out of heaven on the five cities.⁠ 7 To whose wickedness a smoking waste still witnesses, and plants bearing fair fruit that doesn’t ripen, a disbelieving soul has a memorial: a standing pillar of salt.⁠ 8 For having passed wisdom by, not only were they disabled from recognising the things which are good, but they also left behind them for their life a monument of their folly, so that where they stumbled, they might fail even to be unseen; 9 but wisdom delivered those who waited on her out of troubles. 10 When a righteous man was a fugitive from a brother’s wrath, wisdom guided him in straight paths. She showed him God’s kingdom, and gave him knowledge of holy things.⁠ She prospered him in his toils, and multiplied the fruits of his labor. 11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one.⁠ 13 When a righteous man was sold, wisdom didn’t forsake him, but she delivered him from sin. She went down with him into a dungeon, 14 and in bonds she didn’t depart from him, until she brought him the sceptre of a kingdom, and authority over those that dealt like a tyrant with him. She also showed those who had mockingly accused him to be false, and gave him eternal glory.

Wisdom Delivers Israel from Egypt

15 Wisdom delivered a holy people and a blameless seed from a nation of oppressors. 16 She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord, and withstood terrible kings in wonders and signs.⁠ 17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils.⁠ She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly,⁠ and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 10:20 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.16.5

Deuterocanon · Classical

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Summary

The Wisdom of Solomon and Josephus recount Israel’s deliverance at the Red Sea but both expand the Exodus story in similar ways, such as adding details about taking the wealth of the Egyptians as repayment for their slave labor.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 10:20

Deuterocanon
18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly, and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.16.5

Classical
4 At last free, the Hebrews rejoiced, singing songs of gratitude through the night, for their oppressors were destroyed and they knew they had found favor with God. Moses composed a hymn of thanksgiving in verse, as preserved in our holy texts. Though these events are extraordinary, similar occurrences have been attributed to divine or natural forces in other traditions too—some say the Pamphylian Sea parted for Alexander of Macedonia. Whether one believes these stories or not is a matter of individual judgment. 5 The next day, Moses gathered weapons washed ashore for the Hebrews to use, convinced this also was God’s providence so they would not remain defenseless. Armed with these, he led them toward Mount Sinai to offer sacrifices and thanks to God, fulfilling the command given to him.

References

"... there are also elements that Pseudo-Solomon uses to supplement the biblical depiction of his wholly righteous and wicked figures, these include (1) Cain’s anger in Wisdom of Solomon 10:3; (2) Cain as a cause for the Flood in verse 4; (3) the unripe fruit that is a testimony of Sodom’s wickedness in verse 7; (4) the “unbelief” of Lot’s wife in verse 7; (5) an explanation of the memorial of Sodom’s wickedness in verse 8; and (6) the Israelites’ plundering of the Egyptians as reimbursement for their labors in verse 17. These omissions and additions contribute to the idealized picture of the righteous and wicked figures in chapter 10. Just as Pseudo-Solomon occasionally leaves out scriptural details and adds others to enhance the desired qualities of his examples, he does the same so as to emphasize the saving activity of Lady Wisdom and her praiseworthiness ..."
Andrew T. Glicksman, Wisdom of Solomon 10: A Jewish Hellenistic Reinterpretation of Early Israelite History through Sapiential Lenses, DCLS 9 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2011), 255.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 10:20 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.16.5

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