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Antiquities of the Jews, Book 2

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Having spoken, Moses led them closer to the sea, where the Egyptians, tired from the chase, decided to wait until morning to attack. Standing by the shore, Moses lifted his rod and prayed for God’s intervention: “Lord, no human power can save us now. Only Your might can deliver us. We look to You, asking for any path You grant, whether it be through splitting this sea, opening a pass through the mountains, or even bearing us through the air. Reveal Your power, so these despairing people may see there is still hope in You.” 2 Then Moses struck the sea with his rod, and the waters parted, leaving a dry lane. Moses entered first, urging the Hebrews forward. Encouraged by this miraculous way, they hurried across, filled with amazement that God had created a road through the sea for them. 3 The Egyptians at first thought the Hebrews insane for entering the sea, but when they saw them pass unharmed, they pursued, trusting the path would stay open for them too. However, that safe route was meant for the Hebrews alone and not their enemies. Once the Egyptians were in the midst of it, the waves, driven by fierce winds, rushed back. Torrential rain, thunder, lightning, and hail fell upon them, and a dreadful darkness enveloped them, so not a single Egyptian survived. None returned to tell of the catastrophe. 4 At last free, the Hebrews rejoiced, singing songs of gratitude through the night, for their oppressors were destroyed and they knew they had found favor with God. Moses composed a hymn of thanksgiving in verse, as preserved in our holy texts. Though these events are extraordinary, similar occurrences have been attributed to divine or natural forces in other traditions too—some say the Pamphylian Sea parted for Alexander of Macedonia. Whether one believes these stories or not is a matter of individual judgment. 5 The next day, Moses gathered weapons washed ashore for the Hebrews to use, convinced this also was God’s providence so they would not remain defenseless.⁠ Armed with these, he led them toward Mount Sinai to offer sacrifices and thanks to God, fulfilling the command given to him.

Book 3

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 10:20 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.16.5

Deuterocanon · Classical

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Summary

The Wisdom of Solomon and Josephus recount Israel’s deliverance at the Red Sea but both expand the Exodus story in similar ways, such as adding details about taking the wealth of the Egyptians as repayment for their slave labor.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 10:20

Deuterocanon
18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly, and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.16.5

Classical
4 At last free, the Hebrews rejoiced, singing songs of gratitude through the night, for their oppressors were destroyed and they knew they had found favor with God. Moses composed a hymn of thanksgiving in verse, as preserved in our holy texts. Though these events are extraordinary, similar occurrences have been attributed to divine or natural forces in other traditions too—some say the Pamphylian Sea parted for Alexander of Macedonia. Whether one believes these stories or not is a matter of individual judgment. 5 The next day, Moses gathered weapons washed ashore for the Hebrews to use, convinced this also was God’s providence so they would not remain defenseless. Armed with these, he led them toward Mount Sinai to offer sacrifices and thanks to God, fulfilling the command given to him.

References

"... there are also elements that Pseudo-Solomon uses to supplement the biblical depiction of his wholly righteous and wicked figures, these include (1) Cain’s anger in Wisdom of Solomon 10:3; (2) Cain as a cause for the Flood in verse 4; (3) the unripe fruit that is a testimony of Sodom’s wickedness in verse 7; (4) the “unbelief” of Lot’s wife in verse 7; (5) an explanation of the memorial of Sodom’s wickedness in verse 8; and (6) the Israelites’ plundering of the Egyptians as reimbursement for their labors in verse 17. These omissions and additions contribute to the idealized picture of the righteous and wicked figures in chapter 10. Just as Pseudo-Solomon occasionally leaves out scriptural details and adds others to enhance the desired qualities of his examples, he does the same so as to emphasize the saving activity of Lady Wisdom and her praiseworthiness ..."
Andrew T. Glicksman, Wisdom of Solomon 10: A Jewish Hellenistic Reinterpretation of Early Israelite History through Sapiential Lenses, DCLS 9 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2011), 255.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 10:20 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2.16.5

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