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The Sargon Legend

The Sargon Birth Legend

About this book

Sargon's Birth and Adoption

Column I

1 I am Sargon, the mighty king, king of Agade.
2 My mother was a high priestess; I did not know my father.
3 My father's brother lives in the mountain.
4 My city is Azupiranu, which lies on the bank of the Euphrates.
5 My mother, the high priestess, conceived me; she gave birth to me in secret.⁠
6 She placed me in a basket of reeds; she sealed my opening with bitumen.
7 She cast me into the river, from which I could not climb out.
8 The river carried me to Akki, the irrigator.
9 Akki, the irrigator, lifted me out while lowering his bucket.
10 Akki, the irrigator, raised me as his own son.
11 Akki, the irrigator, appointed me as his gardener.

Ishtar's Favor and Sargon's Conquests

12 While I was a gardener, the goddess Ishtar loved me.
13 I ruled the kingdom for [...] years.
14 I ruled and governed the black-headed peoples.
15 I cut through mighty mountains with copper pickaxes.
16 I climbed the upper mountains.
17 I burst through the lower mountains.
18 I besieged the Country of the Sea three times.
19 Dilmun submitted to my rule.
20 I went up to the great Dur-ilu; I [...].
21 I cleared away stones.

A Challenge to Future Kings

22 Whatever king rises after me:
23 Let him reign for [...] years.
24 Let him rule and govern the black-headed peoples.
25 Let him cut through mighty mountains with copper pickaxes.
26 Let him climb the upper mountains.
27 Let him burst through the lower mountains.
28 Let him besiege the Country of the Sea three times.
29 Let Dilmun submit to him.
30 Let him go up to the great Dur-ilu, and let him ....
31 [...]
32 [...] from my city of Agade ...
33 [...] like arrows [...]

Texts in conversation

Moses and Sargon in Baskets on the River

Hebrew Bible · Ancient Near East, Assyrian

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Summary

The Sargon Legend describes a mother placing Sargon in a reed basket sealed with bitumen on the river. Exodus similarly describes Moses hidden as a baby and placed in a basket sealed with bitumen in the Nile, echoing this ancient Near Eastern tradition.

Passages

Exodus 2:3

Hebrew Bible
1 A man from the household of Levi married a woman who was a descendant of Levi. 2 The woman became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a good child8, she hid him for three months. 3 But when she was no longer able to hide him, she took a papyrus basket for him and sealed it with bitumen and pitch. She put the child in it and set it among the reeds along the edge of the Nile. 4 His sister stationed herself at a distance to find out what would happen to him.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

The Sargon Legend I:1-10

Ancient Near East, Assyrian · The Sargon Birth Legend
1 I am Sargon, the mighty king, king of Agade. 2 My mother was a high priestess; I did not know my father. 3 My father's brother lives in the mountain. 4 My city is Azupiranu, which lies on the bank of the Euphrates. 5 My mother, the high priestess, conceived me; she gave birth to me in secret. 6 She placed me in a basket of reeds; she sealed my opening with bitumen. 7 She cast me into the river, from which I could not climb out. 8 The river carried me to Akki, the irrigator. 9 Akki, the irrigator, lifted me out while lowering his bucket. 10 Akki, the irrigator, raised me as his own son.
725–700 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in The Sargon Legend

References

"... Traditions connected with the birth of Sargon are reflected in the story of Moses. Sargon was born in secret to a priestess, put into the river in a basket of rushes, and rescued by a water drawer named Akki; later, the goddess Ishtar elevated Sargon to the throne. Similarly, Moses was born in secret and set adrift in a basket on the Nile River, only to be discovered by an Egyptian princess and raised as her own son. Moses eventually left Egypt but was called by Yahweh to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. The parallels are clear, but not unique to these two individuals. There are also similarities to the story of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, who were also born to a priestess and set adrift, only to be found by a she-wolf and then raised by a shepherd. It is difficult to say whether there is any direct influence among the three versions or simply a common tradition, but the latter does not lessen the fact that the details of Moses’ birth were not unique in the ancient world ..."
John L. McLaughlin, The Ancient Near East: An Essential Guide (Nashville: Abingdon, 2012), 14–15.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 2:3 and The Sargon Legend I:1-10

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