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Testament of Naphtali

Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs

About this book
Chapter 8

1 My children, I have shown you the last times, how everything will come to pass in Israel. 2 So you also must charge your children to stay united with Levi and Judah, for through them salvation will arise for Israel, and in them Jacob will be blessed. 3 For through their tribes God will appear on earth, dwelling among people, to save the race of Israel and to gather the righteous from among the Gentiles. 4 If you do what is good, my children, both people and angels will bless you; God will be glorified among the Gentiles through you, the devil will flee from you, the wild beasts will fear you, the Lord will love you,⁠ and the angels will hold fast to you. 5 Just as a man who has trained a child well is remembered with kindness, so a good deed is remembered well before God. 6 But whoever does not do what is good, both angels and people will curse; God will be dishonored among the Gentiles through him, the devil will make him his own special instrument, every wild beast will dominate him, and the Lord will hate him. 7 For the commandments of the law are twofold, and they must be fulfilled with discernment. 8 There is a time for a man to be with his wife, and a time to abstain from her for his prayer. 9 So there are two commandments, and unless they are done in their proper order, they bring great sin upon people. 10 It is the same with the other commandments. 11 So be wise in God, my children, and discerning, understanding the order of his commandments and the rules for every matter, so that the Lord may love you.

Texts in conversation

Compare Testament of Naphtali 8:4 and James 4:7

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · New Testament

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Summary

James echoes language found in the Testament of Naphtali, where the devil flees from those who do good or resist evil, suggesting James incorporated existing Jewish theological and literary traditions.

Passages

Testament of Naphtali 8:4

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs
2 So you also must charge your children to stay united with Levi and Judah, for through them salvation will arise for Israel, and in them Jacob will be blessed. 3 For through their tribes God will appear on earth, dwelling among people, to save the race of Israel and to gather the righteous from among the Gentiles. 4 If you do what is good, my children, both people and angels will bless you; God will be glorified among the Gentiles through you, the devil will flee from you, the wild beasts will fear you, the Lord will love you, and the angels will hold fast to you. 5 Just as a man who has trained a child well is remembered with kindness, so a good deed is remembered well before God. 6 But whoever does not do what is good, both angels and people will curse; God will be dishonored among the Gentiles through him, the devil will make him his own special instrument, every wild beast will dominate him, and the Lord will hate him.
100 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Naphtali

James 4:7

New Testament
4 Adulterers, do you not know that friendship with the world means hostility toward God? So whoever decides to be the world’s friend makes himself God’s enemy. 5 Or do you think the scripture means nothing when it says, “The spirit that God caused to live within us has an envious yearning”? 6 But he gives greater grace. Therefore it says, “God opposes the proud, but he gives grace to the humble.” 7 So submit to God. But resist the devil and he will flee from you. 8 Draw near to God and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and make your hearts pure, you double-minded. 9 Grieve, mourn, and weep. Turn your laughter into mourning and your joy into despair.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... Recent interest in the Epistle of James has included probes into the relationship between the Jesus tradition and James. The epistle presents a set of salient connections to the developing literary milieu of the second century, including compelling examples from the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs and the Shepherd of Hermas. One of the more striking literary parallels comes from a single line in James 4, 'Resist the devil and he will flee from you' (4:7). After examining the parallel evidence found in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs and the Shepherd of Hermas, I contend that this line in James-the devil will flee-may summarize the story of Jesus's temptation in the gospels ..."
M. John-Patrick O'Connor, “The Devil Will Flee: James 4:7, the Jesus Tradition, and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs,” JBL 138.4 (2019): 883–897.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Testament of Naphtali 8:4 and James 4:7

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