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Testament of Levi

Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Hear, therefore, about the heavens that have been shown to you. 2 The lowest is for this reason gloomy to you, since it sees all the unrighteous deeds of men.⁠ 3 And it has fire, snow, and ice made ready for the day of judgement, in the righteous judgement of God; for in it are all the spirits of the retributions for vengeance on men. 4 And in the second are the hosts of the armies which are ordained for the day of judgement, to work vengeance on the spirits of deceit and of Beliar. 5 And above them are the holy ones. 6 And in the highest of all dwells the Great Glory, far above all holiness. 7 In the heaven next to it are the archangels, who minister and make propitiation to the Lord for all the sins of ignorance of the righteous; Offering to the Lord a sweet-smelling savour, a reasonable and a bloodless offering. 8 And in the heaven below this are the angels who bear answers to the angels of the presence of the Lord. 9 And in the heaven next to this are thrones and dominions,⁠ in which always they offer praise to God. 10 When, therefore, the Lord looks upon us, all of us are shaken; yes, the heavens, and the earth, and the abysses are shaken at the presence of His majesty. 11 But the sons of men, having no perception of these things, sin and provoke the Most High.

Texts in conversation

Compare Testament of Levi 3:9 and Colossians 1:16

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · New Testament

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Summary

The Testament of Levi describes the heavens and names thrones and dominions among the highest ranks of angels. Colossians lists the same divine thrones, dominions, principalities, and powers among the things created in Jesus.

Passages

Testament of Levi 3:9

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs
7 In the heaven next to it are the archangels, who minister and make propitiation to the Lord for all the sins of ignorance of the righteous; Offering to the Lord a sweet-smelling savour, a reasonable and a bloodless offering. 8 And in the heaven below this are the angels who bear answers to the angels of the presence of the Lord. 9 And in the heaven next to this are thrones and dominions, in which always they offer praise to God.
100 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Levi

Colossians 1:16

New Testament
15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation, 16 for all things in heaven and on earth were created in him—all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, whether principalities or powers—all things were created through him and for him. 17 He himself is before all things, and all things are held together in him.
80–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Colossians

References

... In 2 Enoch 20.1, upon entry into the seventh heaven, Enoch sees supraterrestrial powers: "... and they carried me up to the seventh heaven. And I saw there an exceptional great light, and all the fiery armies of the great archangels, and the incorporeal forces and the dominions and the origins and the authorities, the cherubim and the seraphim and the many-eyed thrones ..." In Testament of Levi 3.8 there is a reference to thrones who are heavenly angelic beings who offer worship to God: "There with him are thrones and authorities; there praises to God are offered eternally" ... The plural and absolute usage of thrones in Colossians 1.16 is therefore unusual. The word is best understood as a metonymical reference to angelic beings who sit in the council of God. Personalizing thrones is found in Jewish mystical texts and therefore relevant to our thesis that Paul is refuting a form of Jewish mysticism ...
Ian K. Smith, Heavenly Perspective: A Study of the Apostle Paul’s Response to a Jewish Mystical Movement at Colossae (London: T&T Clark International, 2006), 164–166.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Testament of Levi 3:9 and Colossians 1:16

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