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About this book

Colossians

About this book
Chapter 1

1 From Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, 2 to the saints, the faithful brothers and sisters in Christ, at Colossae. Grace and peace to you from God our Father! 3 We always give thanks to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, 4 since we heard about your faith in Christ Jesus and the love that you have for all the saints. 5 Your faith and love have arisen from the hope laid up for you in heaven, which you have heard about in the message of truth, the gospel 6 that has come to you. Just as in the entire world this gospel is bearing fruit and growing, so it has also been bearing fruit and growing among you from the first day you heard it and understood the grace of God in truth. 7 You learned the gospel from Epaphras, our dear fellow slave—a faithful minister of Christ on our behalf— 8 who also told us of your love in the Spirit. 9 For this reason we also, from the day we heard about you, have not ceased praying for you and asking God to fill you with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, 10 so that you may live worthily of the Lord and please him in all respects—bearing fruit in every good deed, growing in the knowledge of God, 11 being strengthened with all power according to his glorious might for the display of all patience and steadfastness, joyfully 12 giving thanks to the Father who has qualified you to share in the saints’ inheritance in the light.⁠ 13 He delivered us from the power of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of the Son he loves, 14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins. 15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation,⁠ 16 for all things in heaven and on earth were created in him—all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, whether principalities or powers—all⁠ things were created through him and for him.⁠ 17 He himself is before all things, and all things are held together in him.⁠ 18 He is the head of the body, the church, as well as the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that he himself may become first in all things. 19 For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in the Son 20 and through him to reconcile all things to himself by making peace through the blood of his cross—through him, whether things on earth or things in heaven. 21 And you were at one time strangers and enemies in your minds as expressed through your evil deeds, 22 but now he has reconciled you by his physical body through death to present you holy, without blemish, and blameless before him— 23 if indeed you remain in the faith, established and firm, without shifting from the hope of the gospel that you heard. This gospel has also been preached in all creation under heaven, and I, Paul, have become its servant. 24 Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you, and I fill up in my physical body—for the sake of his body, the church—what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ. 25 I became a servant of the church according to the stewardship from God—given to me for you—in order to complete the word of God, 26 that is, the mystery that has been kept hidden from ages and generations, but has now been revealed to his saints. 27 God wanted to make known to them the glorious riches of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. 28 We proclaim him by instructing and teaching all people with all wisdom so that we may present every person mature in Christ. 29 Toward this goal I also labor, struggling according to his power that powerfully works in me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Testament of Levi 3:9 and Colossians 1:16

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · New Testament

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Summary

The Testament of Levi describes the heavens and names thrones and dominions among the highest ranks of angels. Colossians lists the same divine thrones, dominions, principalities, and powers among the things created in Jesus.

Passages

Testament of Levi 3:9

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs
7 In the heaven next to it are the archangels, who minister and make propitiation to the Lord for all the sins of ignorance of the righteous; Offering to the Lord a sweet-smelling savour, a reasonable and a bloodless offering. 8 And in the heaven below this are the angels who bear answers to the angels of the presence of the Lord. 9 And in the heaven next to this are thrones and dominions, in which always they offer praise to God.
100 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Levi

Colossians 1:16

New Testament
15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation, 16 for all things in heaven and on earth were created in him—all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, whether principalities or powers—all things were created through him and for him. 17 He himself is before all things, and all things are held together in him.
80–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Colossians

References

... In 2 Enoch 20.1, upon entry into the seventh heaven, Enoch sees supraterrestrial powers: "... and they carried me up to the seventh heaven. And I saw there an exceptional great light, and all the fiery armies of the great archangels, and the incorporeal forces and the dominions and the origins and the authorities, the cherubim and the seraphim and the many-eyed thrones ..." In Testament of Levi 3.8 there is a reference to thrones who are heavenly angelic beings who offer worship to God: "There with him are thrones and authorities; there praises to God are offered eternally" ... The plural and absolute usage of thrones in Colossians 1.16 is therefore unusual. The word is best understood as a metonymical reference to angelic beings who sit in the council of God. Personalizing thrones is found in Jewish mystical texts and therefore relevant to our thesis that Paul is refuting a form of Jewish mysticism ...
Ian K. Smith, Heavenly Perspective: A Study of the Apostle Paul’s Response to a Jewish Mystical Movement at Colossae (London: T&T Clark International, 2006), 164–166.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Testament of Levi 3:9 and Colossians 1:16

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