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Song of Solomon

Song of Songs

About this book
Chapter 3

1 The Beloved about Her Lover: All night long on my bed I longed for my lover.⁠ I longed for him, but he never appeared.⁠ 2 “I will arise and look all around throughout the town, and throughout the streets and squares; I will search for my beloved.” I searched for him, but I did not find him.⁠ 3 The night watchmen found me—the ones who guard the city walls. “Have you seen my beloved?” 4 Scarcely had I passed them by when I found my beloved! I held onto him tightly and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house, to the bedroom chamber of the one who conceived me. 5 The Beloved to the Maidens: I admonish you, O maidens of Jerusalem, by the gazelles and by the young does of the open fields: “Do not awaken or arouse love until it pleases!” 6 The Speaker: Who is this coming up from the wilderness like a column of smoke, like a fragrant billow of myrrh and frankincense, every kind of fragrant powder of the traveling merchants? 7 Look! It is Solomon’s portable couch! It is surrounded by sixty warriors, some of Israel’s mightiest warriors. 8 All of them are skilled with a sword, well trained in the art of warfare. Each has his sword at his side, to guard against the terrors of the night.⁠ 9 King Solomon made a sedan chair for himself of wood imported from Lebanon. 10 Its posts were made of silver; its back was made of gold. Its seat was upholstered with purple wool; its interior was inlaid with leather by the maidens of Jerusalem. 11 Come out, O maidens of Zion, and gaze upon King Solomon! He is wearing the crown with which his mother crowned him on his wedding day, on the most joyous day of his life!

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 7:15 and Song of Solomon 3:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs describes a woman who looks for a young man, saying she has found him and entices him towards ruin. The Song of Solomon echoes this pattern of searching in the city, but instead it highlights a lover’s pursuit to find the one she loves.

Passages

Proverbs 7:15

Hebrew Bible
11 (She is loud and rebellious; she does not remain at home— 12 at one time outside, at another in the wide plazas, and by every corner she lies in wait.) 13 So she grabbed him and kissed him, and with a bold expression she said to him, 14 “I have meat from my peace offerings at home; today I have fulfilled my vows! 15 That is why I came out to meet you, to look for you, and I found you! 16 I have spread my bed with elegant coverings, with richly colored fabric from Egypt. 17 I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Song of Solomon 3:2

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
1 The Beloved about Her Lover: All night long on my bed I longed for my lover. I longed for him, but he never appeared. 2 “I will arise and look all around throughout the town, and throughout the streets and squares; I will search for my beloved.” I searched for him, but I did not find him. 3 The night watchmen found me—the ones who guard the city walls. “Have you seen my beloved?” 4 Scarcely had I passed them by when I found my beloved! I held onto him tightly and would not let him go until I brought him to my mother’s house, to the bedroom chamber of the one who conceived me.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

References

"... When the occurrences of 'find' (מָצָא) in Ecclesiastes are read alongside the text of Proverbs, numerous intertextual connections emerge. Qoheleth (the speaker in Ecclesiastes) in Ecclesiastes 7:24 says, 'What has been is far away (רָחוֹק) and very deep. Who can discover (מָצָא) it?' The same terms are used in Proverbs 31:10: 'A woman of valor, who can find (מָצָא), for her worth is far above (רָחוֹק) jewels,' perhaps indicating an explicit quotation, or more likely, an allusion. Similarly, Qoheleth concludes in Ecclesiastes 7:28 that though he had found one man among a thousand, he had not found a woman. Again in Proverbs 31:10, the rhetorical question asking who can find a woman of wisdom is answered in Proverbs 18:22: the one who finds a wife finds good and obtains favor from the Lord (Yahweh). In Ecclesiastes 7:26, Qoheleth found a woman, likely referring back to folly in 7:25, who is bitter (מָרָה) and whose heart is full of snares and nets. The same term is found in Proverbs 5:4, where the adulteress leads to a bitter (מָרָה) end. In Proverbs 7:15, the strange woman finds the young man and leads him into disaster (7:23). The woman of folly in Proverbs 1-9 is the recurrent embodiment of the allure and calamity of the way that rejects wisdom ..."
Daniel J. Estes, “Seeking and Finding in Ecclesiastes and Proverbs,” in Reading Ecclesiastes Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2014), 118–129.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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