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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 41

1 O death, how bitter is the memory of you to a man who is at peace in his possessions, to the man who has nothing to distract him and has prosperity in all things, and who still has strength to enjoy food! 2 O death, your sentence is acceptable to a man who is needy and who fails in strength, who is in extreme old age, is distracted about all things,⁠ is perverse, and has lost patience! 3 Don’t be afraid of the sentence of death. Remember those who have been before you and who come after. This is the sentence from the Lord over all flesh. 4 And why do you refuse when it is the good pleasure of the Most High? Whether life lasts ten, or a hundred, or a thousand years, there is no inquiry about life in Hades. 5 The children of sinners are abominable children and they frequent the dwellings of the ungodly.⁠ 6 The inheritance of sinners’ children will perish and with their posterity will be a perpetual disgrace. 7 Children will complain of an ungodly father, because they suffer disgrace because of him. 8 Woe to you, ungodly men, who have forsaken the law of the Most High God!⁠ 9 If you are born, you will be born to a curse. If you die, a curse will be your portion. 10 All things that are of the earth will go back to the earth; so the ungodly will go from a curse to perdition. 11 The mourning of men is about their bodies; but the evil name of sinners will be blotted out. 12 Have regard for your name, for it continues with you longer than a thousand great treasures of gold.⁠ 13 A good life has its number of days, but a good name continues forever.

Shame, Responsibility, and Care for Daughters

14 My children, follow instruction in peace. But wisdom that is hidden and a treasure that is not seen, what benefit is in them both? 15 Better is a man who hides his foolishness than a man who hides his wisdom. 16 Therefore show respect for my words; for it is not good to retain every kind of shame. Not everything is approved by all in good faith. 17 Be ashamed of sexual immorality before father and mother, of a lie before a prince and a mighty man, 18 of an offense before a judge and ruler, of iniquity before the congregation and the people, of unjust dealing before a partner and friend, 19 and of theft in the place where you stay. Be ashamed in regard of the truth of God and his covenant, of leaning on your elbow at dinner, of contemptuous behavior in the matter of giving and taking, 20 of silence before those who greet you, of looking at a woman who is a prostitute, 21 of turning away your face from a kinsman, of taking away a portion or a gift, of gazing at a woman who has a husband, 22 of meddling with his maid—and don’t come near her bed, of abusive speech to friends—and after you have given, don’t insult,

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 4:2 and Sirach 41:3

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach reflects on death in a way that echoes Ecclesiastes 4, where those who have died are viewed as more fortunate than the living, and those never born are spared entirely from witnessing injustice and experiencing anxiety.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 4:2

Hebrew Bible
1 So I again considered all the oppression that continually occurs on earth. This is what I saw: The oppressed were in tears, but no one was comforting them; no one delivers them from the power of their oppressors. 2 So I considered those who are dead and gone more fortunate than those who are still alive. 3 But better than both is the one who has not been born and has not seen the evil things that are done on earth.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Sirach 41:3

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 O death, how bitter is the memory of you to a man who is at peace in his possessions, to the man who has nothing to distract him and has prosperity in all things, and who still has strength to enjoy food! 2 O death, your sentence is acceptable to a man who is needy and who fails in strength, who is in extreme old age, is distracted about all things, is perverse, and has lost patience! 3 Don’t be afraid of the sentence of death. Remember those who have been before you and who come after. This is the sentence from the Lord over all flesh. 4 And why do you refuse when it is the good pleasure of the Most High? Whether life lasts ten, or a hundred, or a thousand years, there is no inquiry about life in Hades.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Chapter 41:3-4 expresses Sirach's view of death in a nutshell ... This is Sirach's most definitive statement on the finality of death, and leaves no room for resurrection or a blessed afterlife. Sirach's views on this subject are no different than those of Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes), except that he holds them with resignation, whereas Qoheleth chafes against them. Sirach recognizes that death can be bitter for one who is at peace among his possessions (40:1). But he also recognizes that death can be welcome "to one who is needy and failing in strength, worn down by age and anxious about everything" (41:2). The attractiveness of death in certain circumstances received classic expression in the Egyptian Dispute of a Man with His Ba (Soul) about 2000 B.C.E. Such sentiments are not common in the Hebrew Bible but occur more than once in Ben Sira. According to Sirach 30:17, 'Death is better than a futile life, and eternal sleep than chronic sickness.' (The repose of the dead is commonly called sleep in Jewish epitaphs of the Hellenistic and Roman periods.) The same sentiment is found in Tobit 3:6, 10, 13 in the prayers of Tobit and Sarah. (Compare also 1 Kings 19:4 (Elijah); Jonah 4:3; Job 3:11, 13, 17; Ecclesiastes 4:2) ..."
John J. Collins, Jewish Wisdom in the Hellenistic Age, OTL (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997), 92–93.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ecclesiastes 4:2 and Sirach 41:3

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