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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 4

1 My son, don’t deprive the poor of his living. Don’t make the needy eyes wait long.⁠ 2 Don’t make a hungry soul sorrowful, or provoke a man in his distress. 3 Don’t add more trouble to a heart that is provoked. Don’t put off giving to him who is in need. 4 Don’t reject a suppliant in his affliction. Don’t turn your face away from a poor man.⁠ 5 Don’t turn your eye away from one who asks. Give no occasion to a man to curse you.⁠ 6 For if he curses you in the bitterness of his soul, he who made him will hear his supplication. 7 Endear yourself to the assembly. Bow your head to a great man. 8 Incline your ear to a poor man. Answer him with peaceful words in humility. 9 Deliver him who is wronged from the hand of him who wrongs him;⁠ Don’t be hesitant in giving judgment. 10 Be as a father to the fatherless, and like a husband to their mother. So you will be as a son of the Most High,⁠ and he will love you more than your mother does.⁠

Wisdom’s Rewards and Discipline

11 Wisdom exalts her sons, and takes hold of those who seek her. 12 He who loves her loves life. Those who seek her early will be filled with gladness. 13 He who holds her fast will inherit glory. Where he enters, the Lord will bless. 14 Those who serve her minister to the Holy One. The Lord loves those who love her. 15 He who listens to her will judge the nations. He who heeds her will dwell securely. 16 If he trusts her, he will inherit her, and his generations will possess her. 17 For at the first she will walk with him in crooked ways, and will bring fear and dread upon him, and torment him with her discipline, until she may trust his soul, and try him by her judgments. 18 Then she will return him again to the straight way, and will gladden him, and reveal to him her secrets. 19 If he goes astray, she will forsake him, and hand him over to his fall.

Courage, Honesty, and Shame

20 Watch for the opportunity, and beware of evil. Don’t be ashamed of your soul. 21 For there is a shame that brings sin, and there is a shame that is glory and grace.⁠ 22 Don’t show partiality, discrediting your soul. Don’t revere any man to your falling. 23 Don’t refrain from speaking when it is for safety. Don’t hide your wisdom for the sake of seeming fair. 24 For wisdom will be known by speech, and instruction by the word of the tongue. 25 Don’t speak against the truth and be shamed for your ignorance.⁠ 26 Don’t be ashamed to confess your sins. Don’t fight the river’s current. 27 Don’t lay yourself down for a fool to tread upon. Don’t be partial to one who is mighty. 28 Strive for the truth to death, and the Lord God will fight for you.⁠ 29 Don’t be hasty with your tongue, or slack and negligent in your deeds. 30 Don’t be like a lion in your house, or suspicious of your servants. 31 Don’t let your hand be stretched out to receive, and closed when you should repay.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 4:31 and Acts 20:35

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Acts includes a saying from Jesus that it is better to give than to receive, a teaching not found in the gospels but is similar to Jewish wisdom traditions such as Sirach, which urges people to be generous when it is time to give.

Passages

Sirach 4:31

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
26 Don’t be ashamed to confess your sins. Don’t fight the river’s current. 27 Don’t lay yourself down for a fool to tread upon. Don’t be partial to one who is mighty. 28 Strive for the truth to death, and the Lord God will fight for you. 29 Don’t be hasty with your tongue, or slack and negligent in your deeds. 30 Don’t be like a lion in your house, or suspicious of your servants. 31 Don’t let your hand be stretched out to receive, and closed when you should repay.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Acts 20:35

New Testament
31 Therefore be alert, remembering that night and day for three years I did not stop warning each one of you with tears. 32 And now I entrust you to God and to the message of his grace. This message is able to build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified. 33 I have desired no one’s silver or gold or clothing. 34 You yourselves know that these hands of mine provided for my needs and the needs of those who were with me. 35 By all these things, I have shown you that by working in this way we must help the weak, and remember the words of the Lord Jesus that he himself said, ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’” 36 When he had said these things, he knelt down with them all and prayed.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

References

"... Acts 20:35 gives a similar saying as being a word of the Lord Jesus ... 1 Clement 2:1 also combines this material with a reference to Christ. The style of the macarism is strikingly similar to that used by Jesus in the Beatitudes although it need not derive from Jesus himself. Such teaching was typical of Jewish proverbial expression ... Didache 4:5 ... this seems to be based on Sirach 4:31 ... The influence of Sirach is seen also in 1:6. It should be noted that in both cases the citations of Sirach are in a form different to LXX. This seems to be true of all Didache's citations of the OT, and indicates that the Didache rests on a tradition originally formulated in Hebrew or Aramaic. Similar teaching can be found in Rabbinic writings, eg. Pirkei Avot 5:13; Sifre Deuteronomy 116 to 15:17. For the Qumran attitude on almsgiving, see Damascus Document 6:21; 14:12-20, and the notes on 1:5 above. Community members only are to be assisted by almsgiving ..."
Jonathan Alfred Draper, “A Commentary on the Didache in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Documents” (PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 1983), 23–33.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 4:31 and Acts 20:35

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