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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 33

1 No evil will happen to him who fears the Lord, but in trials once and again he will deliver him.⁠ 2 A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is a hypocrite about it is like a boat in a storm. 3 A man of understanding will put his trust in the law. And the law is faithful to him, as when one asks a divine oracle.⁠ 4 Prepare your speech, and so you will be heard. Bind up instruction, and make your answer. 5 The heart of a fool is like a cartwheel. His thoughts are like a rolling axle. A stallion horse is like a mocking friend. 6 He neighs under every one who sits upon him.⁠ 7 Why does one day excel another, when all the light of every day in the year is from the sun? 8 They were distinguished by the Lord’s knowledge, and he varied seasons and feasts. 9 Some of them he exalted and hallowed, and some of them he has made ordinary days. 10 And all men are from the ground. Adam was created from dust. 11 In the abundance of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them, and made their ways different. 12 Some of them he blessed and exalted, and some of them he made holy and brought near to himself. Some of them he cursed and brought low, and overthrew them from their place.⁠ 13 As the clay of the potter in his hand, all his ways are according to his good pleasure, so men are in the hand of him who made them, to give to them according to his judgment. 14 Good is the opposite of evil, and life is the opposite of death; so the sinner is the opposite of the godly.⁠ 15 Look upon all the works of the Most High like this, they come in pairs, one against another. 16 I was the last on watch, like one who gleans after the grape gatherers. 17 By the Lord’s blessing I arrived before them, and filled my winepress like one who gathers grapes. 18 Consider that I did not labor for myself alone, but for all those who seek instruction.

Property, Dependents, and Enslaved Workers

19 Hear me, you great men of the people, and listen with your ears, you rulers of the congregation. 20 To son and wife, to brother and friend, don’t give power over yourself while you live, and don’t give your goods to another, lest you regret it and must ask for them. 21 While you still live and breath is in you, don’t give yourself over to anybody. 22 For it is better that your children should ask from you than that you should look to the hand of your children.⁠ 23 Excel in all your works. Don’t bring a stain on your honor. 24 In the day that you end the days of your life, in the time of death, distribute your inheritance. 25 Fodder, a stick, and burdens are for a donkey. Bread, discipline, and work are for a servant. 26 Set your slave to work, and you will find rest. Leave his hands idle, and he will seek liberty. 27 Yoke and whip will bow the neck. For an evil slave there are racks and tortures. 28 Send him to labor, that he not be idle, 29 for idleness teaches much mischief. 30 Set him to work, as is fit for him. If he doesn’t obey, make his fetters heavy. Don’t be excessive toward any. Do nothing unjust. 31 If you have a slave, treat him like yourself,⁠ because you have bought him with blood. If you have a slave, treat him like yourself. For like your own soul, you will need him.⁠ 32 If you treat him ill, and he departs and runs away, 33 which way will you go to seek him?

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 33:15 and Augustine, City of God 11.18

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach describes creation as a balance of opposites like life and death or good and evil, all under divine control. Augustine echoes this view in City of God, showing how he used this Jewish wisdom book as an authoritative source for teaching.

Passages

Sirach 33:15

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
13 As the clay of the potter in his hand, all his ways are according to his good pleasure, so men are in the hand of him who made them, to give to them according to his judgment. 14 Good is the opposite of evil, and life is the opposite of death; so the sinner is the opposite of the godly. 15 Look upon all the works of the Most High like this, they come in pairs, one against another. 16 I was the last on watch, like one who gleans after the grape gatherers. 17 By the Lord’s blessing I arrived before them, and filled my winepress like one who gathers grapes.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Augustine, City of God 11.18

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
This is quite plainly stated in the Book of Ecclesiasticus, in this way: “Good is set against evil, and life against death: so is the sinner against the godly. So look on all the works of the Most High, and these are two and two, one against another.”
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 11

References

"... Within early Christianity, the Letter of Barnabas echoes Sirach 5:12–14 about the danger of a double tongue, as well as the warning in Sirach 4:31 against an ungenerous attitude (Barnabas 19:7–9). Origen (d. 254 ce) quotes Ben Sira as scriptural when commenting on several Old Testament passages (Genesis 12:5; Joshua 15:6; Jeremiah 16:6). Clement of Alexandria (d. 215 CE) quotes about eighty Sirach verses, while John Chrysostom (d. 407 CE) includes about three hundred citations from the book. Augustine (d. 430 CE) not only cites Sirach about 300x, but also preached sermons on Sirach passages. Rabanus Maurus (d. 856 CE), abbot of Fulda in Germany, composed the earliest surviving Latin commentary on Sirach ..."
Jeremy Corley, “Sirach,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), 284–305.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 33:15 and Augustine, City of God 11.18

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