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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 33

1 No evil will happen to him who fears the Lord, but in trials once and again he will deliver him.⁠ 2 A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is a hypocrite about it is like a boat in a storm. 3 A man of understanding will put his trust in the law. And the law is faithful to him, as when one asks a divine oracle.⁠ 4 Prepare your speech, and so you will be heard. Bind up instruction, and make your answer. 5 The heart of a fool is like a cartwheel. His thoughts are like a rolling axle. A stallion horse is like a mocking friend. 6 He neighs under every one who sits upon him.⁠ 7 Why does one day excel another, when all the light of every day in the year is from the sun? 8 They were distinguished by the Lord’s knowledge, and he varied seasons and feasts. 9 Some of them he exalted and hallowed, and some of them he has made ordinary days. 10 And all men are from the ground. Adam was created from dust. 11 In the abundance of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them, and made their ways different. 12 Some of them he blessed and exalted, and some of them he made holy and brought near to himself. Some of them he cursed and brought low, and overthrew them from their place.⁠ 13 As the clay of the potter in his hand, all his ways are according to his good pleasure, so men are in the hand of him who made them, to give to them according to his judgment. 14 Good is the opposite of evil, and life is the opposite of death; so the sinner is the opposite of the godly.⁠ 15 Look upon all the works of the Most High like this, they come in pairs, one against another. 16 I was the last on watch, like one who gleans after the grape gatherers. 17 By the Lord’s blessing I arrived before them, and filled my winepress like one who gathers grapes. 18 Consider that I did not labor for myself alone, but for all those who seek instruction.

Property, Dependents, and Enslaved Workers

19 Hear me, you great men of the people, and listen with your ears, you rulers of the congregation. 20 To son and wife, to brother and friend, don’t give power over yourself while you live, and don’t give your goods to another, lest you regret it and must ask for them. 21 While you still live and breath is in you, don’t give yourself over to anybody. 22 For it is better that your children should ask from you than that you should look to the hand of your children.⁠ 23 Excel in all your works. Don’t bring a stain on your honor. 24 In the day that you end the days of your life, in the time of death, distribute your inheritance. 25 Fodder, a stick, and burdens are for a donkey. Bread, discipline, and work are for a servant. 26 Set your slave to work, and you will find rest. Leave his hands idle, and he will seek liberty. 27 Yoke and whip will bow the neck. For an evil slave there are racks and tortures. 28 Send him to labor, that he not be idle, 29 for idleness teaches much mischief. 30 Set him to work, as is fit for him. If he doesn’t obey, make his fetters heavy. Don’t be excessive toward any. Do nothing unjust. 31 If you have a slave, treat him like yourself,⁠ because you have bought him with blood. If you have a slave, treat him like yourself. For like your own soul, you will need him.⁠ 32 If you treat him ill, and he departs and runs away, 33 which way will you go to seek him?

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 33:1 and James 1:2

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

James follows Sirach in using storm imagery to describe the instability of those who lack conviction. Sirach says the one who fails to obey the Torah is like a boat in rough waters, and James says the doubter is pushed around by the sea.

Passages

Sirach 33:1

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 No evil will happen to him who fears the Lord, but in trials once and again he will deliver him. 2 A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is a hypocrite about it is like a boat in a storm. 3 A man of understanding will put his trust in the law. And the law is faithful to him, as when one asks a divine oracle. 4 Prepare your speech, and so you will be heard. Bind up instruction, and make your answer. 5 The heart of a fool is like a cartwheel. His thoughts are like a rolling axle. A stallion horse is like a mocking friend. 6 He neighs under every one who sits upon him.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

James 1:2

New Testament
1 From James, a slave of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad. Greetings! 2 My brothers and sisters, consider it nothing but joy when you fall into all sorts of trials, 3 because you know that the testing of your faith produces endurance. 4 And let endurance have its perfect effect, so that you will be perfect and complete, not deficient in anything. 5 But if anyone is deficient in wisdom, he should ask God, who gives to all generously and without reprimand, and it will be given to him. 6 But he must ask in faith without doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed around by the wind. 7 For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord, 8 since he is a double-minded individual, unstable in all his ways.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... The syntax structure of this unit shows that there is one main clause and two supporting ideas in James and the word 'faith' is used in the clause. McCartney argues that the phrase in this colon should be understood as 'a trust in the character and promises of God'; he also says that this faith is related to total commitment to God. Similarly, Davids argues that the background of this command is related to some individuals who distrust God. Both McCartney and Davids recognize that the wisdom tradition could have influenced James in this issue; Davids, for example, shows that Sirach 33:1-3 uses a similar metaphor (that is, one who is unfaithful is like a boat in the midst of a storm). Nonetheless, why is the issue regarding the doubter discussed here? The theme of 'the doubter or the double minded' in James 1 functions as a ground; in fact, the author of LOJ uses a double ground here to emphasize that this issue is substantial. McCartney is probably correct when he accentuates that 'James speaks so harshly of the doubter precisely because faith is so important. Faith is the grounding that prevents one from being tossed around like a sea billow and without faith, one's life is chaotic, without direction or moral compass.' In this literary context, 'faith' should be understood as the opposite condition of the doubter ..."
Chandra Gunawan, The Concept of Faith in the Letter of James: A Discourse Analysis on James 1-2 (Verbum Christi: Jurnal Teologi Reformed Injili, 2017), 1–34.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 33:1 and James 1:2

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