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James

About this book
Chapter 1

1 From James, a slave of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad. Greetings! 2 My brothers and sisters, consider it nothing but joy when you fall into all sorts of trials,⁠ 3 because you know that the testing of your faith produces endurance. 4 And let endurance have its perfect effect, so that you will be perfect and complete, not deficient in anything. 5 But if anyone is deficient in wisdom, he should ask God, who gives to all generously and without reprimand, and it will be given to him. 6 But he must ask in faith without doubting,⁠ for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed around by the wind.⁠ 7 For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord,⁠ 8 since he is a double-minded individual, unstable in all his ways. 9 Now the believer of humble means should take pride in his high position. 10 But the rich person’s pride should be in his humiliation because he will pass away like a wildflower in the meadow.⁠ 11 For the sun rises with its heat and dries up the meadow; the petal of the flower falls off and its beauty is lost forever. So also the rich person in the midst of his pursuits will wither away. 12 Happy is the one who endures testing because when he has proven to be genuine, he will receive the crown of life that God promised to those who love him. 13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God,” for God cannot be tempted by evil, and he himself tempts no one.⁠ 14 But each one is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desires.⁠ 15 Then when desire conceives, it gives birth to sin,⁠ and when sin is full grown, it gives birth to death. 16 Do not be led astray, my dear brothers and sisters. 17 All generous giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or the slightest hint of change.⁠ 18 By his sovereign plan he gave us birth through the message of truth, that we would be a kind of firstfruits of all he created. 19 Understand this, my dear brothers and sisters! Let every person be quick to listen, slow to speak, slow to anger.⁠ 20 For human anger does not accomplish God’s righteousness. 21 So put away all filth and evil excess and humbly welcome the message implanted within you, which is able to save your souls.⁠ 22 But be sure you live out the message and do not merely listen to it and so deceive yourselves.⁠ 23 For if someone merely listens to the message and does not live it out, he is like someone who gazes at his own face in a mirror.⁠ 24 For he gazes at himself and then goes out and immediately forgets what sort of person he was. 25 But the one who peers into the perfect law of liberty and fixes his attention there, and does not become a forgetful listener but one who lives it out—he will be blessed in what he does.⁠ 26 If someone thinks he is religious yet does not bridle his tongue, and so deceives his heart, his religion is futile. 27 Pure and undefiled religion before God the Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their adversity⁠ and to keep oneself unstained by the world.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 33:1 and James 1:2

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

James follows Sirach in using storm imagery to describe the instability of those who lack conviction. Sirach says the one who fails to obey the Torah is like a boat in rough waters, and James says the doubter is pushed around by the sea.

Passages

Sirach 33:1

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 No evil will happen to him who fears the Lord, but in trials once and again he will deliver him. 2 A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is a hypocrite about it is like a boat in a storm. 3 A man of understanding will put his trust in the law. And the law is faithful to him, as when one asks a divine oracle. 4 Prepare your speech, and so you will be heard. Bind up instruction, and make your answer. 5 The heart of a fool is like a cartwheel. His thoughts are like a rolling axle. A stallion horse is like a mocking friend. 6 He neighs under every one who sits upon him.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

James 1:2

New Testament
1 From James, a slave of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad. Greetings! 2 My brothers and sisters, consider it nothing but joy when you fall into all sorts of trials, 3 because you know that the testing of your faith produces endurance. 4 And let endurance have its perfect effect, so that you will be perfect and complete, not deficient in anything. 5 But if anyone is deficient in wisdom, he should ask God, who gives to all generously and without reprimand, and it will be given to him. 6 But he must ask in faith without doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed around by the wind. 7 For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord, 8 since he is a double-minded individual, unstable in all his ways.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... The syntax structure of this unit shows that there is one main clause and two supporting ideas in James and the word 'faith' is used in the clause. McCartney argues that the phrase in this colon should be understood as 'a trust in the character and promises of God'; he also says that this faith is related to total commitment to God. Similarly, Davids argues that the background of this command is related to some individuals who distrust God. Both McCartney and Davids recognize that the wisdom tradition could have influenced James in this issue; Davids, for example, shows that Sirach 33:1-3 uses a similar metaphor (that is, one who is unfaithful is like a boat in the midst of a storm). Nonetheless, why is the issue regarding the doubter discussed here? The theme of 'the doubter or the double minded' in James 1 functions as a ground; in fact, the author of LOJ uses a double ground here to emphasize that this issue is substantial. McCartney is probably correct when he accentuates that 'James speaks so harshly of the doubter precisely because faith is so important. Faith is the grounding that prevents one from being tossed around like a sea billow and without faith, one's life is chaotic, without direction or moral compass.' In this literary context, 'faith' should be understood as the opposite condition of the doubter ..."
Chandra Gunawan, The Concept of Faith in the Letter of James: A Discourse Analysis on James 1-2 (Verbum Christi: Jurnal Teologi Reformed Injili, 2017), 1–34.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 33:1 and James 1:2

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