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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 31

1 Wakefulness that comes from riches consumes the flesh, and anxiety about it takes away sleep. 2 Wakeful anxiety will crave slumber. In a severe disease, sleep will be broken. 3 A rich man toils in gathering money together. When he rests, he is filled with his good things. 4 A poor man toils in lack of substance. When he rests, he becomes needy. 5 He who loves gold won’t be justified. He who follows destruction will himself have his fill of it. 6 Many have been given over to ruin for the sake of gold. Their destruction meets them face to face. 7 It is a stumbling block to those who sacrifice to it. Every fool will be taken by it. 8 Blessed is the rich person who is found blameless, and who doesn’t go after gold.⁠ 9 Who is he, that we may call him blessed? For he has done wonderful things among his people.⁠ 10 Who has been tried by it, and found perfect? Then let him boast. Who has had the power to transgress, and has not transgressed? And to do evil, and has not done it? 11 His prosperity will be made sure. The congregation will proclaim his alms.

Food, Wine, and Banquets

12 Do you sit at a great table? Don’t be greedy there. Don’t say, “There is a lot of food on it!” 13 Remember that a greedy eye is a wicked thing. What has been created more greedy than an eye? Therefore it sheds tears from every face. 14 Don’t stretch your hand wherever it looks. Don’t thrust yourself with it into the dish. 15 Consider your neighbor’s feelings by your own.⁠ Be discreet in every point.⁠ 16 Eat like a human being those things which are set before you. Don’t eat greedily, lest you be hated.⁠ 17 Be first to stop for manners’ sake. Don’t be insatiable, lest you offend. 18 And if you sit among many, Don’t reach out your hand before them. 19 How sufficient to a well-mannered man is a very little. He doesn’t breathe heavily in his bed. 20 Healthy sleep comes from moderate eating.⁠ He rises early, and his wits are with him. The pain of wakefulness, colic, and griping are with an insatiable man.⁠ 21 And if you have been forced to eat, rise up in the middle of it, and you shall have rest. 22 Hear me, my son, and don’t despise me, and in the end you will appreciate my words. In all your works be skillful, and no disease will come to you. 23 People bless him who is liberal with his food. The testimony of his excellence will be believed. 24 The city will murmur at him who is a stingy with his food. The testimony of his stinginess will be accurate. 25 Don’t show yourself valiant in wine, for wine has destroyed many.⁠ 26 The furnace tests the temper of steel by dipping; so does wine test hearts in the quarreling of the proud. 27 Wine is as good as life to men, if you drink it in moderation.⁠ What life is there to a man who is without wine? It has been created to make men glad. 28 Wine drunk in season and in moderation is joy of heart and gladness of soul: 29 Wine drunk excessively is bitterness of soul, with provocation and conflict.⁠ 30 Drunkenness increases the rage of a fool to his hurt. It diminishes strength and adds wounds. 31 Don’t rebuke your neighbor at a banquet of wine. Don’t despise him in his mirth. Don’t speak a word of reproach to him.⁠ Don’t distress him by making demands of him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 31:9 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.14

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach praises the wealthy person who resists greed, describing this as rare and worthy of honor. The Christian theologian Ambrose of Milan quotes this passage, showing how he used Sirach as an authoritative source for teaching.

Passages

Sirach 31:9

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
7 It is a stumbling block to those who sacrifice to it. Every fool will be taken by it. 8 Blessed is the rich person who is found blameless, and who doesn’t go after gold. 9 Who is he, that we may call him blessed? For he has done wonderful things among his people. 10 Who has been tried by it, and found perfect? Then let him boast. Who has had the power to transgress, and has not transgressed? And to do evil, and has not done it? 11 His prosperity will be made sure. The congregation will proclaim his alms.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.14

Early Christian
66 Prudence, therefore, works through all things, she has fellowship with all that is good. For how can she give good advice unless she have justice too, so that she may clothe herself in consistency, not fear death, be held back by no alarm, no fear, nor think it right to be turned aside from the truth by any flattery, nor shun exile, knowing that the world is the fatherland of the wise man. She fears not want, for she knows that nothing is wanting to the wise man, since the whole world of riches is his. What is greater than the man that does not know how to be excited at the thought of money, and has a contempt for riches, and looks down as from some lofty vantage-ground on the desires of men? Men think that one who acts thus is more than man: Who is this, it says, and we will praise him. For wonderful things has he done in his life. Surely he ought to be admired who despises riches, seeing that most place them even before their own safety.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2

References

"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.
"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 31:9 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.14

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