Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 31

1 Wakefulness that comes from riches consumes the flesh, and anxiety about it takes away sleep. 2 Wakeful anxiety will crave slumber. In a severe disease, sleep will be broken. 3 A rich man toils in gathering money together. When he rests, he is filled with his good things. 4 A poor man toils in lack of substance. When he rests, he becomes needy. 5 He who loves gold won’t be justified. He who follows destruction will himself have his fill of it. 6 Many have been given over to ruin for the sake of gold. Their destruction meets them face to face. 7 It is a stumbling block to those who sacrifice to it. Every fool will be taken by it. 8 Blessed is the rich person who is found blameless, and who doesn’t go after gold.⁠ 9 Who is he, that we may call him blessed? For he has done wonderful things among his people.⁠ 10 Who has been tried by it, and found perfect? Then let him boast. Who has had the power to transgress, and has not transgressed? And to do evil, and has not done it? 11 His prosperity will be made sure. The congregation will proclaim his alms.

Food, Wine, and Banquets

12 Do you sit at a great table? Don’t be greedy there. Don’t say, “There is a lot of food on it!” 13 Remember that a greedy eye is a wicked thing. What has been created more greedy than an eye? Therefore it sheds tears from every face. 14 Don’t stretch your hand wherever it looks. Don’t thrust yourself with it into the dish. 15 Consider your neighbor’s feelings by your own.⁠ Be discreet in every point.⁠ 16 Eat like a human being those things which are set before you. Don’t eat greedily, lest you be hated.⁠ 17 Be first to stop for manners’ sake. Don’t be insatiable, lest you offend. 18 And if you sit among many, Don’t reach out your hand before them. 19 How sufficient to a well-mannered man is a very little. He doesn’t breathe heavily in his bed. 20 Healthy sleep comes from moderate eating.⁠ He rises early, and his wits are with him. The pain of wakefulness, colic, and griping are with an insatiable man.⁠ 21 And if you have been forced to eat, rise up in the middle of it, and you shall have rest. 22 Hear me, my son, and don’t despise me, and in the end you will appreciate my words. In all your works be skillful, and no disease will come to you. 23 People bless him who is liberal with his food. The testimony of his excellence will be believed. 24 The city will murmur at him who is a stingy with his food. The testimony of his stinginess will be accurate. 25 Don’t show yourself valiant in wine, for wine has destroyed many.⁠ 26 The furnace tests the temper of steel by dipping; so does wine test hearts in the quarreling of the proud. 27 Wine is as good as life to men, if you drink it in moderation.⁠ What life is there to a man who is without wine? It has been created to make men glad. 28 Wine drunk in season and in moderation is joy of heart and gladness of soul: 29 Wine drunk excessively is bitterness of soul, with provocation and conflict.⁠ 30 Drunkenness increases the rage of a fool to his hurt. It diminishes strength and adds wounds. 31 Don’t rebuke your neighbor at a banquet of wine. Don’t despise him in his mirth. Don’t speak a word of reproach to him.⁠ Don’t distress him by making demands of him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 31:20 and Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 2.2

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

Share:

Summary

The Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria uses Sirach as an authoritative guide on moderation and self-control, demonstrating how the Jewish wisdom text influenced early Christian teaching and tradition.

Passages

Sirach 31:20

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
18 And if you sit among many, Don’t reach out your hand before them. 19 How sufficient to a well-mannered man is a very little. He doesn’t breathe heavily in his bed. 20 Healthy sleep comes from moderate eating. He rises early, and his wits are with him. The pain of wakefulness, colic, and griping are with an insatiable man. 21 And if you have been forced to eat, rise up in the middle of it, and you shall have rest. 22 Hear me, my son, and don’t despise me, and in the end you will appreciate my words. In all your works be skillful, and no disease will come to you.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 2.2

Early Christian · Paedagogus
To me, the star called by the mathematicians Acephalus (headless), which is numbered before the wandering star, his head resting on his breast, seems to be a type of the gluttonous, the voluptuous, and those that are prone to drunkenness. For in such the faculty of reasoning is not situated in the head, but among the intestinal appetites, enslaved to lust and anger. For just as Elpenor broke his neck through intoxication, so the brain, dizzied by drunkenness, falls down from above, with a great fall to the liver and the heart, that is, to voluptuousness and anger: as the sons of the poets say Hephæstus was hurled by Zeus from heaven to earth. The trouble of sleeplessness, and bile, and cholic, are with an insatiable man, it is said.

References

"... The eighty-fifth of the Apostolical Canons gives a list of the books of the Hebrew Canon, and adds the first three books of the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach; these last four are not, however, included in the Canon, though the Wisdom of Sirach is specially recommended for the instruction of the young. Again, in the Apostolical Constitutions, 6:14, 15, quotations from Sirach are given with the same formula as those from the books of the Hebrew Canon, but in the list given in 2:57 of the same work, there is no mention of any of the books of the Apocrypha ... The evidence of Clement of Alexandria is conflicting; in his Paedagogus he quotes very often from Sirach, and speaks of it as 'scripture', from which it would evidently appear that he regarded it as canonical Scripture; but, according to Eusebius, Clement reckoned Sirach among the 'Antilegomena', for in speaking of Clement's works he mentions the Stromateis, or 'Medleys', and says: 'He quotes in them passages from the disputed Scriptures, the so-called Wisdom of Solomon, for example, and of Jesus the son of Sirach, and the Epistle to the Hebrews, and those of Barnabas, Clement, and Jude ..."
R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford University Press, 1913), 299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Sirach 31:20 and Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 2.2

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library