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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Loans, Alms, and Guarantees

Chapter 29

1 He who shows mercy will lend to his neighbor. He who strengthens him with his hand keeps the commandments. 2 Lend to your neighbor in time of his need. Repay your neighbor on time. 3 Confirm your word, and keep faith with him; and at all seasons you will find what you need. 4 Many have considered a loan to be a windfall, and have given trouble to those who helped them. 5 Until he has received, he will kiss a man’s hands. For his neighbor’s money he will speak submissively. Then when payment is due, he will prolong the time, return excuses, and complain about the season. 6 If he prevails, the creditor will hardly receive half; and he will count it as a windfall. If not, he has deprived him of his money, and he has gotten him for an enemy without cause. He will pay him with cursing and railing. Instead of honor, he will pay him disgrace. 7 Many on account of fraud have turned away. They are afraid of being defrauded for nothing. 8 However be patient with a man in poor estate. Don’t keep him waiting for your alms. 9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake. According to his need don’t send him empty away.⁠ 10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend. Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.⁠ 11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High and it will profit you more than gold.⁠ 12 Store up almsgiving in your store-chambers and it will deliver you out of all affliction.⁠ 13 It will fight for you against your enemy better than a mighty shield and a ponderous spear. 14 A good man will be surety for his neighbor. He who has lost shame will fail him.⁠ 15 Don’t forget the kindness of your guarantor, for he has given his life for you. 16 A sinner will waste the property of his guarantor. 17 He who is thankless will fail him who delivered him. 18 Being surety has undone many who were prospering and shaken them as a wave of the sea. It has driven mighty men from their homes. They wandered among foreign nations. 19 A sinner who falls into suretiship and undertakes contracts for work will fall into lawsuits. 20 Help your neighbor according to your power, and be careful not to fall yourself.⁠

Frugality and the Training of Children

21 The essentials of life are water, bread, a garment, and a house for privacy. 22 Better is the life of a poor man under a shelter of logs than sumptuous fare in another man’s house. 23 With little or with much, be well satisfied. 24 It is a miserable life to go from house to house. Where you are a guest, you dare not open your mouth. 25 You will entertain, serve drinks, and have no thanks. In addition to this, you will hear bitter words. 26 “Come here, you stranger, set a table, and if you have anything in your hand, feed me with it.” 27 “Leave, you stranger, for an honored guest is here. My brother has come to be my guest. I need my house.” 28 These things are grievous to a man of understanding: The scolding about lodging and the insults of creditors.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 17:18 and Sirach 29:14

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs warns that only the foolish risk themselves by guaranteeing another’s debt, portraying such pledges as lacking sense. Sirach disagrees with this, saying that covering someone else's debt is a good deed and presents it as a moral obligation.

Passages

Proverbs 17:18

Hebrew Bible
16 What’s the point of a fool having money in hand to buy wisdom when his head is empty? 17 A friend loves at all times, and a relative is born to help in adversity. 18 The one who lacks sense strikes hands in pledge and puts up financial security for his neighbor. 19 The one who loves a quarrel loves transgression; whoever builds his gate high seeks destruction. 20 The one who has a perverse heart does not find good, and the one who is deceitful in speech falls into trouble.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Sirach 29:14

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 Store up almsgiving in your store-chambers and it will deliver you out of all affliction. 13 It will fight for you against your enemy better than a mighty shield and a ponderous spear. 14 A good man will be surety for his neighbor. He who has lost shame will fail him. 15 Don’t forget the kindness of your guarantor, for he has given his life for you. 16 A sinner will waste the property of his guarantor.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... In light of the financial danger involved, the silence of the Torah on the matter, and the advice of Proverbs to avoid going surety, one might expect the sage to take a negative view of the practice... However, Ben Sira moves in exactly the opposite direction. He concludes his pericope with an imperative to stand surety for one’s neighbor. This positive command provides a counterpart to the indicative regarding the goodness of the practice in verse 14 and frames the discussion with an inclusio, in which the practice of going surety is urged as an ethical obligation. Granted, it is also tempered with a caution. One should go surety only according to one’s means in order to prevent financial ruin. Yet, in light of the dangerous social situation portrayed in the pericope it is surprising that he advocates the practice at all ..."
Bracley C. Gregory, “Ben Sira as Negotiator of Authoritative Traditions,” in Scriptural Authority in Early Judaism and Ancient Christianity, ed. Géza G. Xeravits et al. (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), 111–114.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 17:18 and Sirach 29:14

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