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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 As a nail will stick fast between the joinings of stones, so sin will thrust itself in between buying and selling. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil. 11 The discourse of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people void of understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is wantonly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand upright. Their strife makes others plug their ears. 15 The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is a grievous thing to hear. 16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him; but if you reveal his secrets, you shall not follow him; 18 for as a man has destroyed his enemy, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor. 19 As a bird which you have released out of your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Malice, Vengeance, and Harmful Speech

22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who casts a stone straight up casts it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 He who does evil things, they will roll back upon him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who rejoice at the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die. 30 Wrath and anger, these also are abominations. A sinner will possess them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 27:5 and Augustine, City of God 21.26

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach compares the firing of pottery in a kiln to the testing of a person through speech, describing how language reveals character. The Christian theologian Augustine quotes this, showing how he uses its wisdom as an authoritative source.

Passages

Sirach 27:5

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts. 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts. 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart. 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Augustine, City of God 21.26

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
1 Corinthians 7:33 “Each one's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it,”— the day, no doubt, of tribulation — “because,” he says, “it shall be revealed by fire.” 1 Corinthians 3:13 He calls tribulation fire, just as it is elsewhere said, “The furnace tests the vessels of the potter, and the trial of affliction tests righteous men.” Sirach 27:5 And “The fire shall test each one's work to show what sort it is. If anyone's work endures” — for a man's care for the things of the Lord, how he may please the Lord, endures — “which he has built on it, he shall receive a reward,”— that is, he will reap the fruit of his care.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 21

References

"... As to Augustine’s use of the Book of Ecclesiasticus, it is striking that more than once he quotes a text that is somewhat different from the Vetus Latina, which for the Book of Ben Sira, serves as the traditional Latin text. Since Augustine’s quotations from the Book of Ben Sira have more than once been brought in line with the Greek translation, a thorough investigation into this phenomenon is needed in order to find out whether he had (some) knowledge of the Greek text of the Book of Ecclesiasticus. Apart from Speculum in which Augustine for his quotations from the Book of Ben Sira usually follows the Latin, in his other works he rather frequently appears to correct the Latin Ben Sira quotations according to the Greek. An investigation into this intriguing question would be very useful. Such an in depth inquiry should also take into full consideration whether, and to what extent, St. Augustine has been influenced by a text type of Ecclesiasticus that was already used by St. Cyprian and has even been given its own siglum (K) by Thiele ..."
Pancratius C. Beentjes, “Saint Augustine's Sermons 38-41 on the Book of Ben Sira,” in The Scriptures of Israel in Jewish and Christian Tradition: Essays in Honour of Maarten J. J. Menken, ed. Bart Koet, Steven Moyise, and Joseph Verheyden, NovTSup 148 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 81–94.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 27:5 and Augustine, City of God 21.26

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