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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 As a nail will stick fast between the joinings of stones, so sin will thrust itself in between buying and selling. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil. 11 The discourse of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people void of understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is wantonly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand upright. Their strife makes others plug their ears. 15 The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is a grievous thing to hear. 16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him; but if you reveal his secrets, you shall not follow him; 18 for as a man has destroyed his enemy, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor. 19 As a bird which you have released out of your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Malice, Vengeance, and Harmful Speech

22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who casts a stone straight up casts it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 He who does evil things, they will roll back upon him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who rejoice at the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die. 30 Wrath and anger, these also are abominations. A sinner will possess them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 6:13 and Sirach 27:22

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs portrays the winking eye and secret gestures as signs of a deceitful person plotting harm, whose downfall comes swiftly. Sirach echoes this image, connecting the winking eye directly with evil eye belief and as a form of planning evil.

Passages

Proverbs 6:13

Hebrew Bible
11 and your poverty will come like a robber, and your need like an armed man. 12 A worthless and wicked person walks around saying perverse things; 13 he winks with his eyes, signals with his feet, and points with his fingers; 14 he plots evil with perverse thoughts in his heart; he spreads contention at all times. 15 Therefore, his disaster will come suddenly; in an instant he will be broken, and there will be no remedy.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Sirach 27:22

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets is without hope. 22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; and those who know him will keep their distance. 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... The eye or eyes express a variety of dispositions stirring in the heart: hostility (Job 16:9); hatred (Job 16:9; Psalm 35:19; Proverbs 6:13); arrogance (Proverbs 6:17, 21:4; 30:13; Psalm 101:5), humble trust (Psalm 123:2), innocence (Psalm 101:2); perverseness (Psalm 101:4), mockery (Proverbs 30:17), sorrow (Job 3:10); sadness (Psalm 6:7; 31:9; 88:9; Jeremiah 9:1, 18; Lamentations 1:16, 2:11); shamelessness (Sirach 26:11); pity (Deuteronomy 7:16; 13:8; 19:13, 21; 25:12); insatiability (Ecclesiastes 1:8; 4:8; Proverbs 27:20; 30:17); desire, lust (Psalm 73:7; Proverbs 17:24; Ezekiel 6:9; Sirach 26:9), and, as we shall see, envy, miserliness, and greed as manifested in an Evil Eye. A winking eye reveals a conniving heart: “Whoever winks his eye plans evil deeds (Sirach 27:22; compare Psalm 35:19; Proverbs 6:13; 10:10). Ophthalmodoulia, literally, “eye-service,” denotes the vice of flattery and obsequiousness (Ephesians 6:6; Colossians 3:22). Blindness, the non-functioning of the eyes and result of their “dimming,” represents darkness and gloom (Isaiah 29:18) and can be regarded as caused by God or the gods as punishment for arrogance or hybris or for casting an Evil Eye. The eye thus was the organ of seeing and witnessing, but also indicator of one’s state of physical health, emotions, intentions, and moral character ..."
John H. Elliott, Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2016), 3:41–42.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 6:13 and Sirach 27:22

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