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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 6

1 My child, if you have made a pledge for your neighbor, if you have become a guarantor for a stranger, 2 if you have been ensnared by the words you have uttered and have been caught by the words you have spoken, 3 then, my child, do this in order to deliver yourself, because you have fallen into your neighbor’s power:⁠ Go, humble yourself, and appeal firmly to your neighbor. 4 Permit no sleep to your eyes or slumber to your eyelids. 5 Deliver yourself like a gazelle from a snare and like a bird from the trap of the fowler. 6 Go to the ant, you sluggard;⁠ observe her ways and be wise! 7 It has no commander, overseer, or ruler, 8 yet it would prepare its food in the summer; it gathered at the harvest what it will eat. 9 How long, you sluggard, will you lie there? When will you rise from your sleep? 10 A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to relax, 11 and your poverty will come like a robber, and your need like an armed man. 12 A worthless and wicked person walks around saying perverse things;⁠ 13 he winks with his eyes, signals with his feet, and points with his fingers; 14 he plots evil with perverse thoughts in his heart; he spreads contention at all times. 15 Therefore, his disaster will come suddenly; in an instant he will be broken, and there will be no remedy. 16 There are six things that the Lord hates, even seven things that are an abomination to him: 17 haughty eyes, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood, 18 a heart that devises wicked plans, feet that are swift to run to evil, 19 a false witness who pours out lies, and a person who spreads discord among family members. 20 My child, guard the commands of your father and do not forsake the instruction of your mother.⁠ 21 Bind them on your heart continually; fasten them around your neck. 22 When you walk about, they will guide you; when you lie down, they will watch over you; when you wake up, they will talk to you.⁠ 23 For the commandments are like a lamp; instruction is like a light,⁠ and rebukes of discipline are like the road leading to life⁠ 24 by keeping you from the evil woman, from the smooth tongue of the loose woman. 25 Do not lust in your heart for her beauty, and do not let her captivate you with her alluring eyes;⁠ 26 for on account of a prostitute one is brought down to a loaf of bread, but the wife of another man preys on your precious life.⁠ 27 Can a man hold fire against his chest without burning his clothes? 28 Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet? 29 So it is with the one who sleeps with his neighbor’s wife; no one who touches her will escape punishment. 30 People do not despise a thief when he steals to fulfill his need when he is hungry.⁠ 31 Yet if he is caught he must repay seven times over; he might even have to give all the wealth of his house. 32 A man who commits adultery with a woman lacks sense; whoever does it destroys his own life.⁠ 33 He will be beaten and despised, and his reproach will not be wiped away; 34 for jealousy kindles a husband’s rage, and he will not show mercy when he takes revenge. 35 He will not consider any compensation; he will not be willing, even if you multiply the compensation.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 6:13 and Sirach 27:22

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs portrays the winking eye and secret gestures as signs of a deceitful person plotting harm, whose downfall comes swiftly. Sirach echoes this image, connecting the winking eye directly with evil eye belief and as a form of planning evil.

Passages

Proverbs 6:13

Hebrew Bible
11 and your poverty will come like a robber, and your need like an armed man. 12 A worthless and wicked person walks around saying perverse things; 13 he winks with his eyes, signals with his feet, and points with his fingers; 14 he plots evil with perverse thoughts in his heart; he spreads contention at all times. 15 Therefore, his disaster will come suddenly; in an instant he will be broken, and there will be no remedy.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Sirach 27:22

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets is without hope. 22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; and those who know him will keep their distance. 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... The eye or eyes express a variety of dispositions stirring in the heart: hostility (Job 16:9); hatred (Job 16:9; Psalm 35:19; Proverbs 6:13); arrogance (Proverbs 6:17, 21:4; 30:13; Psalm 101:5), humble trust (Psalm 123:2), innocence (Psalm 101:2); perverseness (Psalm 101:4), mockery (Proverbs 30:17), sorrow (Job 3:10); sadness (Psalm 6:7; 31:9; 88:9; Jeremiah 9:1, 18; Lamentations 1:16, 2:11); shamelessness (Sirach 26:11); pity (Deuteronomy 7:16; 13:8; 19:13, 21; 25:12); insatiability (Ecclesiastes 1:8; 4:8; Proverbs 27:20; 30:17); desire, lust (Psalm 73:7; Proverbs 17:24; Ezekiel 6:9; Sirach 26:9), and, as we shall see, envy, miserliness, and greed as manifested in an Evil Eye. A winking eye reveals a conniving heart: “Whoever winks his eye plans evil deeds (Sirach 27:22; compare Psalm 35:19; Proverbs 6:13; 10:10). Ophthalmodoulia, literally, “eye-service,” denotes the vice of flattery and obsequiousness (Ephesians 6:6; Colossians 3:22). Blindness, the non-functioning of the eyes and result of their “dimming,” represents darkness and gloom (Isaiah 29:18) and can be regarded as caused by God or the gods as punishment for arrogance or hybris or for casting an Evil Eye. The eye thus was the organ of seeing and witnessing, but also indicator of one’s state of physical health, emotions, intentions, and moral character ..."
John H. Elliott, Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2016), 3:41–42.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 6:13 and Sirach 27:22

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