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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

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The Gifts That Bring Happiness

Chapter 25

1 I enjoy three things, and they are beautiful before the Lord and men: the agreement of kindred, the friendship of neighbors, and a woman and her husband who walk together in agreement. 2 But my soul hates three sorts of people, and I am greatly offended at their life: a poor man who is arrogant, a rich man who is a liar, and an old fool who is an adulterer. 3 If you gathered nothing in your youth, how could you find anything in your old age? 4 How beautiful a thing is judgment in the gray-haired, and for elders to know good counsel!⁠ 5 How beautiful is the wisdom of old men, and understanding and counsel to men who are in honor! 6 Much experience is the crown of the aged. Their glory is the fear of the Lord.⁠ 7 There are nine things that I have thought of, and in my heart counted happy, and the tenth I will utter with my tongue:⁠ a man who has joy with his children, and a man who lives and sees the fall of his enemies.⁠ 8 Happy is he who dwells with a wife of understanding, he who has not slipped with his tongue, and he who has not served a man who is unworthy of him. 9 Happy is he who has found prudence, and he who speaks in the ears of those who listen. 10 How great is he who has found wisdom! Yet there is none greater than one who fears the Lord. 11 The fear of the Lord surpasses all things. To whom shall he who holds it be likened?

Wicked and Virtuous Wives

13 Any wound but a wound of the heart! Any wickedness but the wickedness of a woman!⁠ 14 Any calamity but a calamity from those who hate me! Any vengeance but the vengeance of enemies! 15 There is no venom worse than a snake’s venom. There is no wrath worse than an enemy’s wrath. 16 I would rather dwell with a lion and a dragon than keep house with a wicked woman. 17 The wickedness of a woman changes her appearance, and darkens her face like that of a bear. 18 Her husband will sit among his neighbors, and when he hears it, he sighs bitterly. 19 All malice is small compared to the malice of a woman. Let the portion of a sinner fall on her. 20 As walking up a sandy hill is to the feet of the aged, so is a wife full of words to a quiet man. 21 Don’t be ensnared by a woman’s beauty. Don’t desire a woman for her beauty. 22 There is anger, impudence, and great reproach if a woman supports her husband.⁠ 23 A wicked woman is abasement of heart, sadness of face, and a wounded heart. A woman who won’t make her husband happy is like hands that hang down, and weak knees.⁠ 24 The beginning of sin came from a woman. Because of her, we all die.⁠ 25 Don’t give water an outlet, and don’t give a wicked woman freedom of speech. 26 If she doesn’t go as you direct, cut her away from your flesh.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 25:24 and 1 Timothy 2:14

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach attributes the origin of sin and death to Eve, echoing an interpretation of Genesis. 1 Timothy similarly recalls the creation story, noting that Adam was not deceived but the woman was, reinforcing the same pattern of attribution.

Passages

Sirach 25:24

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
23 A wicked woman is abasement of heart, sadness of face, and a wounded heart. A woman who won’t make her husband happy is like hands that hang down, and weak knees. 24 The beginning of sin came from a woman. Because of her, we all die. 25 Don’t give water an outlet, and don’t give a wicked woman freedom of speech. 26 If she doesn’t go as you direct, cut her away from your flesh.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

1 Timothy 2:14

New Testament
12 But I do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man. She must remain quiet. 13 For Adam was formed first and then Eve. 14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman, because she was fully deceived, fell into transgression. 15 But she will be delivered through childbearing, if she continues in faith and love and holiness with self-control.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Timothy

References

"... That Paul had in mind Genesis 2-3 in these passages is therefore hardly open to dispute. What is also interesting is the degree to which his use of Genesis was influenced by the reflection that the same passage had already stimulated or was already stimulating within Second Temple Judaism. This is most evident in the link already well established in Second Temple thought between Adam and death, and in the thought of Adam's as the original sin, sometimes also with Eve explicitly blamed ..."
James D. G. Dunn, “Adam in Paul,” in The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins: Essays from the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema and James H. Charlesworth, Jewish and Christian Texts in Contexts and Related Studies 4 (New York: T&T Clark International, 2008), 122.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 25:24 and 1 Timothy 2:14

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