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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

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Chapter 20

1 There is a reproof that is not timely; and there is a person who is wise enough to keep silent. 2 How good is it to reprove, rather than to be angry. 3 He who confesses will be kept back from harm. 4 As is the lust of a eunuch to deflower a virgin, so is he who executes judgments with violence. 5 There is one who keeps silent and is found wise; and there is one who is hated for his much talk.⁠ 6 There is one who keeps silent, for he has no answer to make; And there is one who keeps silent, knowing when to speak. 7 A wise man will be silent until his time has come, but the braggart and fool will miss his time.⁠ 8 He who uses many words will be abhorred.⁠ He who takes authority for himself will be hated in it.⁠ 9 There is a prosperity that a man finds in misfortunes; and there is a gain that turns to loss. 10 There is a gift that will not profit you; and there is a gift that pays back double. 11 There are losses because of glory; and there is one who has lifted up his head from a low estate. 12 There is one who buys much for a little, and pays for it again sevenfold. 13 He who is wise in words will make himself beloved; but the pleasantries of fools will be wasted. 14 The gift of a fool will not profit you, for he looks for repayment many times instead of one. 15 He will give little and insult much. He will open his mouth like a crier. Today he will lend, and tomorrow he will ask for it back. Such a one is a hateful man. 16 The fool will say, “I have no friend, and I have no thanks for my good deeds. Those who eat my bread have an evil tongue.” 17 How often, and of how many, will he be laughed to scorn! 18 A slip on a pavement is better than a slip with the tongue. So the fall of the wicked will come speedily. 19 A man without grace is a tale out of season. It will be continually in the mouth of the ignorant.⁠ 20 A parable from a fool’s mouth will be rejected; for he won’t tell it at the proper time. 21 There is one who is hindered from sinning through lack. When he rests, he will not be troubled. 22 There is one who destroys his soul through bashfulness. By a foolish expression, he will destroy it. 23 There is one who for bashfulness makes promises to his friend; and he makes him his enemy for nothing. 24 A lie is an ugly blot on a person. It will be continually in the mouth of the ignorant. 25 A thief is better than a man who is continually lying, but they both will inherit destruction. 26 The destination of a liar is dishonor. His shame is with him continually. 27 He who is wise in words will advance himself. And one who is prudent will please great men. 28 He who tills his land will raise his harvest high. He who pleases great men will get pardon for iniquity. 29 Favors and gifts blind the eyes of the wise, and as a muzzle on the mouth, turn away reproofs. 30 Wisdom that is hidden,⁠ and treasure that is out of sight— what profit is in either of them? 31 Better is a man who hides his folly than a man who hides his wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 20:7 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 1.5

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Ambrose uses Sirach as an authoritative source when he repeats its teaching that wisdom is shown through restraint in speech, demonstrating how Sirach influenced Christian tradition and practice.

Passages

Sirach 20:7

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 There is a reproof that is not timely; and there is a person who is wise enough to keep silent. 2 How good is it to reprove, rather than to be angry. 3 He who confesses will be kept back from harm. 4 As is the lust of a eunuch to deflower a virgin, so is he who executes judgments with violence. 5 There is one who keeps silent and is found wise; and there is one who is hated for his much talk. 6 There is one who keeps silent, for he has no answer to make; And there is one who keeps silent, knowing when to speak. 7 A wise man will be silent until his time has come, but the braggart and fool will miss his time. 8 He who uses many words will be abhorred. He who takes authority for himself will be hated in it.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 1.5

Early Christian
5 Now what ought we to learn before everything else, but to be silent, that we may be able to speak? For fear that my own voice should condemn me before another’s acquits me; for it is written: By your words you shall be condemned. What need is there, then, that you should hasten to undergo the danger of condemnation by speaking, when you can be more safe by keeping silent? How many have I seen to fall into sin by speaking, but scarcely one by keeping silent; and so it is more difficult to know how to keep silent than how to speak. I know that most persons speak because they do not know how to keep silent. It is seldom that any one is silent even when speaking profits him nothing. He is wise, then, who knows how to keep silent. Lastly, the Wisdom of God said: The Lord has given to me the tongue of learning, that I should know when it is good to speak. Justly, then, is he wise who has received of the Lord to know when he ought to speak. So the Scripture says well: A wise man will keep silence until there is opportunity.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 1

References

"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 20:7 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 1.5

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